Turdus Fuscater Bird

English Name:  Great Thrush
Latin Name:  Turdus fuscater
Protonym:  Turdus Fuscater Mag.Zool. 7 cl.2 p.16
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Turdidae / Turdus
Taxonomy Code:  grethr1
Type Locality:  in Andibus (Bolivia) ; type from La Paz, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 415.
Author:  d''Orbigny & Lafresnaye
Publish Year:  1837
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

TURDUS
(Turdidae; Ϯ Mistle Thrush T. viscivorus) L. turdus  thrush; "95. TURDUS.  Rostrum tereti-cultratum, maxilla superiore apice deflexo.  Nares nudæ, superne membranula semitectæ.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Turdus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 168. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 27), Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 177). Linnaeus's Turdus comprised sixteen species (T. viscivorus, T. pilaris, T. iliacus, T. musicus, T. Canorus, T. rufus, T. polyglottos, T. Orpheus, T. plumbeus, T. crinitus, T. roseus, T. Merula, T. torquatus, T. solitarius, T. arundinaceus, T. virens).   
Var. Turus, Trudus, Turtus, Curdus.     
Synon. Afrocichla, Arceuthornis, Cichlherminia, Cichloides, Cichloselys, Copsichus, Copsicus, Cossyphopsis, Galeoscoptes, Haplocichla, Hodoiporus, Iliacus, Ixocossyphus, Lamprophonus, Melizocincla, Meridiocichla, Merula, Merulissima, Mimocichla, Mimokitta, Nesocichla, Peliocichla, Petrocincla, Planesticus, Platycichla, Semimerula, Thoracocincla, Turdela, Turdicus.

turdus
L. turdus  thrush.
● ex “Grivetin” of Levaillant 1802, pl. 118 < French Grive thrush (syn. Erythropygia leucophrys).
● "89. Loxia Turdus F.  ...  Habitat in insula australi Novae Zeeelandiae, simillima Turdo, statura, colore, pedibus.  Corpus magnitudine Turdi viscivori, supra fuscum." (Forster 1844) (syn. Turnagra capensis).

fuscater
Mod. L. fuscater  blackish, dark brown, dark grey  < L. fuscus  dark; ater  black.

SUBSPECIES

Great Thrush (cacozelus)
Latin Name: Turdus fuscater cacozelus
cacozela / cacozelus
L. cacozelus  bad imitator  < Gr. κακοζηλος kakozēlos  using a bad style, having bad taste  < κακος kakos  bad; ζηλος zēlos  admiration, emulation.

Great Thrush (clarus)
Latin Name: Turdus fuscater clarus
clarum / clarus
L. clarus  distinct, clear, bright.

Great Thrush (quindio)
Latin Name: Turdus fuscater quindio
quindiana/ quindianus / quindio / quindiuna
Cordillera de Quindiu (= Quindío), Colombia.

Great Thrush (gigas)
Latin Name: Turdus fuscater gigas
gigas
L. gigas, gigantis  giant  < Gr. γιγας gigas, γιγαντος gigantos  giant.
● ex Ardea scolopacea J. Gmelin, 1789, and “Caráu” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 366 (syn. Aramus guarauna).
● ex “Coucal Géant” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 223 (syn. Centropus phasianinus).
● ex “Touraco Géant” of Levaillant 1813-1818, pl. 19 (syn. Corythaeola cristata).
● ex “Coucou verdâtre de Madagascar” of de Buffon 1770-1785, and “Great Madagascar Cuckow” of Latham 1781 (Coua).
● ex “Plus grand Martin-pêcheur” of de Buffon 1770-1785, and “Great Brown Kingsfisher” of Latham 1782 (syn. Dacelo novaeguineae).

Great Thrush (gigantodes)
Latin Name: Turdus fuscater gigantodes
gigantodes
Gr. γιγαντωδης gigantōdēs  gigantic  < γιγας gigas, γιγαντος gigantos  giant, the fabled monstrous race, sons of Earth and Tartarus.
● "ARDEA Lin.   ...   gigantodes    Senegal" (Lichtenstein 1854) (syn. Ardea goliath).
● "Gen. SALTATOR Vieill.   ...   734.  3. S. gigantodes n. sp. *)  Mexico.   ...   *) Dem Saltator atriceps äusserst ähnlich, aber von auffallend geringerer Grösse" (Cabanis 1853) (subsp. Saltator maximus). 
● "Im ferneren Verlauf der Sitzung legt Herr Cabanis eine grössere Zahl peruanischer Vögel des Berliner Museums vor, welche von Herrn Jelski gesammelt wurden und überraschend viel Neues darbieten.  Herr Cabanis charakterisirt die neuen, oder weniger bekannten Arten wie folgt:  Turdus gigantodes n. sp.  Abart des T. gigas Fras.  ...  Bei gigas, welchen das Berliner Museum von Merida (Neu-Granada) besitzt, zieht die Färbung überall in's Olivenbraune." (Cabanis 1873) (subsp. Turdus fuscater).

Great Thrush (ockendeni)
Latin Name: Turdus fuscater ockendeni
ockendeni
George Richard Ockenden (1868-1906) English collector in Peru 1900-1906 (syn. Knipolegus aterrimus anthracinus, subsp. Turdus fuscater).

Great Thrush (fuscater)
Latin Name: Turdus fuscater fuscater
fuscater
Mod. L. fuscater  blackish, dark brown, dark grey  < L. fuscus  dark; ater  black.