Linaria Flavirostris Bird

English Name:  Twite
Latin Name:  Linaria flavirostris
Protonym:  Fringilla flavirostris Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.182
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Fringillidae / Linaria
Taxonomy Code:  twite1
Type Locality:  Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 76.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

LINARIA
(Fringillidae; Ϯ Common Linnet L. cannabina) Late Med. L. linaria  linnet  < L. linarius  belonging to flax  < linum  flax; "Mit im Umfange rundem, kurzem und kurzzugespitztem Schnabel.  Die Nahrung bloß öhlige Sämereyen. (Linaria.)  7. Hanffink (Hänfling: F. cannabina et Linota, Linn.)" (Bechstein 1802); "54. SIZERIN, Linaria. Fringilla, Linn. Gm. Lath.  Bec très-court, couvert à la base de petites plumes décomposées et dirigées en avant, droit, grêle et aigu à la pointe.—Mandibule inférieure à bords bidentés vers l'origine.  Esp. Sizerin, Buff." (Vieillot 1816).
Synon. Acanthis, Agriospiza, Cannabia, Cannabina, Linophaga, Linota, Pseudacanthis, Sizeris, Warsanglia.
● (syn. Passerina Ϯ Indigo Bunting P. cyanea) Late Med. L. linaria  linnet; "‡Linaria ciris; the painted finch, or nonpareil.  *L. cyanea; the blue linnet.   ...   Linaria ciris (emberiza ciris Linn.) or painted finch, or nonpareil of Catesby, is not seen North of Cape Fear, in North Carolina, and seldom ten miles from the sea coast, or perhaps twenty or thirty miles, near the banks of great river   ...   Linaria cyanea (tanagra Linn.) the blue linnet, is supposed by some to be the nonpareil, in an early stage of life, not being yet arrived to his brilliancy and variety of colours; but this is certainly a mistake, for the blue linnet is longer and of a slenderer configuration, and their notes more variable, vehement and sonorous." (Bartram 1792); "Linaria BARTRAM, Travels through Carolina, etc., 1791. p. — (London ed., 1792, pp. 289, 297)  ...  Type, Tanagra cyanea LINNAEUS.  (Present designation.)" (Richmond 1917).

linaria
Late Med. L. linaria  linnet  < L. linarius  linen-weaver, belonging to flax  < linum  flax.
● "98. FRINGILLA.  ...  Linaria.  23. F. remigibus rectricibusque fuscis margine obsolete pallido, litura alarum albida. Fn. svec. 210.  Linaria rubra. Gesn. av. 591. Aldr. orn. l. 18. c. 9. Will. orn. 191. Raj. av. 91. n. 3. Alb. av. 3. p. 70. t. 75. Frisch. av. t. 10. f. 3. 4.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (syn. Acanthis flammea).

flavirostre / flavirostris
L. flavus  yellow, golden-yellow; -rostris  -billed  < rostrum  beak.
● ex “Pato pico amarillo y negro” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 439 (Anas).
● "98. FRINGILLA.  ...  flavirostris.  21. F. fusca, rostro flavicante. Faun. svec. 204.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Linaria).
● ex “Favorite de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 897, “Favorite” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Favourite Gallinule” of Latham 1785 (Porphyrio).

SUBSPECIES

Twite (flavirostris)
Latin Name: Linaria flavirostris flavirostris
flavirostre / flavirostris
L. flavus  yellow, golden-yellow; -rostris  -billed  < rostrum  beak.
● ex “Pato pico amarillo y negro” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 439 (Anas).
● "98. FRINGILLA.  ...  flavirostris.  21. F. fusca, rostro flavicante. Faun. svec. 204.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Linaria).
● ex “Favorite de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 897, “Favorite” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Favourite Gallinule” of Latham 1785 (Porphyrio).

Twite (pipilans)
Latin Name: Linaria flavirostris pipilans
pipilans
L. pipilans, pipilantis  chirping, piping  < pipilare  to chirp  < pipare  to chirp; ex “Mountain Linnet” of Pennant 1761-1766 (subsp. Linaria flavirostris).

Twite (brevirostris)
Latin Name: Linaria flavirostris brevirostris
brevirostre / brevirostris
Mod. L. brevirostris  having a short beak  < L. brevis  short; -rostris  -billed  < rostrum  beak.

Twite (korejevi)
Latin Name: Linaria flavirostris korejevi
korejevi / korejewi
Boris Pavlovich Koreev or Kareev (1878-1907) Russian ornithologist, collector in Turkistan 1902-1905 (Martin Schneider and Laurent Raty in litt.) (syn. Columba livia neglecta, syn. Dendrocopos leucopterus, subsp. Emberiza schoeniclus, subsp. Linaria flavirostris, subsp. Otis tarda, syn. Passer ammodendri, syn. Picoides tridactylus tianschanicus, syn. Podiceps auritus, syn. Poecile palustris, subsp. Rallus aquaticus, syn. Surnia ulula tianschanica).

Twite (altaica)
Latin Name: Linaria flavirostris altaica
altaiana / altaica / altaicus / altaiensis
Altai Mts., Central Asia, on the borders of Kazakhstan, western Mongolia and north-western China.

Twite (montanella)
Latin Name: Linaria flavirostris montanella
montanella / montanellus
Mod. L. montanellus  little mountaineer  < dim. L. montanus  mountain-, belonging to a mountain  < mons, montis  mountain.

Twite (miniakensis)
Latin Name: Linaria flavirostris miniakensis
miniakensis / miniakorum
Minyak, an isolated Tibetan people of Sichuan, south-western China.

Twite (rufostrigata)
Latin Name: Linaria flavirostris rufostrigata
rufostrigata
L. rufus  rufous; strigatus  furrowed  < strix, strigis  furrow.