Hemithraupis Flavicollis Bird

English Name:  Yellow-backed Tanager
Latin Name:  Hemithraupis flavicollis
Protonym:  Nemosia flavicollis Nouv.Dict.Hist.Nat. 22 p.491
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Thraupidae / Hemithraupis
Taxonomy Code:  yebtan1
Type Locality:  l''Amerique meridionale [= Cayenne] .
Author:  Vieillot
Publish Year:  1818
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

HEMITHRAUPIS
(Thraupidae; † Rufous-headed Tanager H. ruficapilla) Gr. ἡμι- hēmi-  half-, small < ἡμισυς hēmisus  half; θραυπις thraupis  unknown small bird, perhaps some sort of finch. In ornithology thraupis signifies tanager. "Gen. HEMITHRAUPIS nov. gen. **) Halb-Tangara.  (Hylophilus Temm. Pr. Max. part.)    145. 1. H. ruficeps Nob. — Hylophilus ruficeps Pr. Max. Beitr. III. p. 725.    146. 2. H. melanoxantha Nob. — Sylvia melanoxantha Licht. (1819) Doubl. No. 394 et 395.  Tanagra speculifera Temm. (1821) pl. col. 36. fig. 1. 2.  Nemosia flavicollis Vieill. Encycl. méth p. 788;  id. Gal. Ois. tab. 75.    147. 3. H. Guira Nob. — Tanagra guira Lin. — Tanagra nigricollis Gm. — Nemosia nigricollis Vieill. — Hylophilus guira Pr. Max.   ...   **) Von ἡμι, halb und θραυπις, nom. prop.  Die Gattung unterscheidet sich von Hylophilus höchst aufallend schon durch den Mangel der ersten kurzen Schwinge. Die weniger, als bei den Sylvicolinen, entwickelten Läufe und Zehen bringen die Gruppe in nahe Verwandtschaft mit Nemosia; doch unterscheidet sie sich von dieser durch geraderen, nur an der Spitze etwas gebognen Schnabel, durch verhältnissmässig etwas längere Flügel und längeren Schwanz sowie durch weniger verlängerte Armschwingen.  Typus der Gattung ist Hylophilus ruficeps Pr. Max." (Cabanis 1853); "Hemithraupis Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Heineanum, 1 (1851) [1853], p. 21.  Type, by original designation, Hylophilus ruficeps Wied = Nemosia ruficapilla Vieillot." (Storer in Peters, 1970, XIII, p. 271).
• (Thraupidae; syn. Tangara † Red-necked Tanager T. cyanocephala) "Genus Hemithraupis. (Type, Aglaia cyanocephala Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny.)  Similar to Tanagra Linnæus, 1 but tail much longer (equal to length of wing to tip of secondaries), wing more rounded (first primary shorter than seventh instead of longer than sixth), and rictal bristles much stronger.   ...   1 The type of Tanagra Linnæus is, according to the "process of elimination," T. episcopus" (Ridgway 1898); "Hemithraupis (not of Cabanis, 1851) Ridgway, Auk, 15, p. 226, 1898 — type, by orig. desig., Aglaia cyanocephala Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny." (Hellmayr, 1936, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. IX, p. 205).

flavicolle / flavicollis / flavicollo
L. flavus  golden-yellow; Mod. L. -collis  -necked, -throated  < L. collum  neck.
● ex “Yellow-throated Creeper” of Catesby 1731, “Parus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Mésange grise à gorge jaune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Yellow-throated Warbler” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Dendroica dominica).
● ex “Yellow-necked Heron” of Latham 1787 (Ixobrychus).
● ex “Black-throated Bunting” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Spiza americana).
● ex “Yellow-necked Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

Yellow-backed Tanager (ornata)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis flavicollis ornata
ornata
L. ornatus  ornate, adorned, decorated, splendid, embellished  < ornare  to adorn.

Yellow-backed Tanager (albigularis)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis flavicollis albigularis
albigulare / albigularis
L. albus  white; Mod. L. gularis  throated  < L. gula  throat.
● “Hellmayr proposed Automulus roraimae as a new name for Philydor albigularis Salvin and Godman on grounds that it was a homonym of Philydor albogularis Spix ... 1824 ... however under the International Rules albigularis and albogularis are different names” (Peters VII 1951); “Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Art. 58 (8) these two names are homonymous variable spellings and under Arts. 57 and 59 (a) primary homonyms, so Hellmayr was correct and Vaurie was wrong” (Eisennann in Vaurie 1980) (syn. Automolus roraimae).

Yellow-backed Tanager (peruana)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis flavicollis peruana
peruana / peruanum / peruanus / peruvia / peruviana / peruvianus / peruviensis
Peru. Said to be named after Biru, a local Inca encountered by the conquistadores (although the name is also accredited to a Panamanian cazique). Until the early 18^th century the Viceroyalty of Peru included all Spanish possessions in South America.
● ex “Geai du Pérou” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 625, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Peruvian Jay” of Latham 1781 (syn. Cyanocorax yncas).
● ex “Coq de Roche du Pérou” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 745, and de Buffon 1770-1783 (Rupicola).
● Erroneous TL. Peru (= Brazil) (Tangara).
● Erroneous TL. Peru (= Tahiti) (Vini).

Yellow-backed Tanager (aurigularis)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis flavicollis aurigularis
aurigularis
L. aurum gold; Mod. L. gularis -throated < L. gula throat.

Yellow-backed Tanager (hellmayri)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis flavicollis hellmayri
hellmayri
Carl Eduard Hellmayr (1878-1944) Austrian/US ornithologist (subsp. Accipiter fasciatus, subsp. Anthoscopus caroli, Anthus, subsp. Attila rufus, subsp. Campylorhamphus trochilirostris, subsp. Catharus fuscater, subsp. Celeus elegans, syn. Chloroceryle americana cabanisii, Cinnyris, syn. Conopophaga lineata, Cranioleuca, syn. Crypturellus strigulosus, subsp. Cyanerpes caeruleus, subsp. Dendrocincla tyrannina, Drymophila, subsp. Empidonax occidentalis, subsp. Geositta cunicularia, syn. Geositta rufipennis fasciata, subsp. Hemithraupis flavicollis, subsp. Isleria hauxwelli, subsp. Lepidocolaptes angustirostris, subsp. Leptopogon superciliaris, subsp. Leptotila rufaxilla, Mecocerculus, subsp. Myioborus miniatus, subsp. Myiozetetes cayanensis, syn. Nonnula rubecula, subsp. Oenanthe familiaris, syn. Petronia petronia, subsp. Piaya cayana, syn. Pitangus sulphuratus, subsp. Poecile palustris, subsp. Pyriglena leuconota, subsp. Rhynchocyclus brevirostris, subsp. Saltator aurantiirostris, syn. Selenidera gouldii, subsp. Sporophila caerulescens, Synallaxis, subsp. Tanygnathus megalorhynchos, subsp. Terenotriccus erythrurus, syn. Thamnophilus schistaceus dubius, subsp. Tyto alba, subsp. Xenops tenuirostris).

Yellow-backed Tanager (flavicollis)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis flavicollis flavicollis
flavicolle / flavicollis / flavicollo
L. flavus  golden-yellow; Mod. L. -collis  -necked, -throated  < L. collum  neck.
● ex “Yellow-throated Creeper” of Catesby 1731, “Parus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Mésange grise à gorge jaune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Yellow-throated Warbler” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Dendroica dominica).
● ex “Yellow-necked Heron” of Latham 1787 (Ixobrychus).
● ex “Black-throated Bunting” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Spiza americana).
● ex “Yellow-necked Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

Yellow-backed Tanager (sororia)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis flavicollis sororia
sororia / sororius
L. sororius  of a sister, sisterly  < soror, sororis  sister (i.e. closely related).
● "Aimophila² ruficeps sororia. LAGUNA SPARROW.  ... ² I am at present unable to discover any characters sufficient to separate Peucæa from Aimophila, unless the former be restricted to P. æstivalis, P. botteri, and P. cassini. Aimophila ruficeps is connected with the type (A. ruficauda) by such intermediate species as A. mcleodi, which Mr. Brewster described as an Aimophila and Messrs. Salvin and Godman as a Peucæa (P. megarhyncha)" (Ridgway 1898) (subsp. Aimophila ruficeps).
● "♂ mari M. gutturalis, Scl. et Salv., simillimus  ... Peut-être la M. sororia est-elle encore plus proche de la M. spodionota, Scl. et Salv., de l'Équateur oriental, ou même identique" (von Berlepsch & Sztolcman 1894) (subsp. Epinecrophylla spodionota).
● "G. G. regulo dicta cui forma similis affinis" (von Berlepsch & Sztolcman 1901) (subsp. Grallaria guatimalensis).
● "Similar to H. f. aurigularis ... but males with throat paler yellow" (Zimmer 1947) (subsp. Hemithraupis flavicollis).
● "This is a northern representative of L. nematura of the wood-region of Brazil, and is closely allied to that species" (P. Sclater & Salvin 1873) (subsp. Lochmias nematura).
● "Much like M. m. melanolaema [= syn. Myrmoborus myotherinus] Scl. ... but averaging smaller" (Hellmayr 1910) (subsp. Myrmoborus myotherinus).
● "The Sphenocercus I should like to stand as S. sororius, from its close affinity to S. sieboldii" (Swinhoe 1866) (subsp. Treron sieboldii).
● "This form comes nearest to D. rostripallens [= syn. Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatoides] Des Murs of Upper Amazonia" (von Berlepsch & Hartert 1902) (syn. Xiphorhynchus guttatus polystictus).

Yellow-backed Tanager (centralis)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis flavicollis centralis
centralis
L. centralis, centrale  central, in the middle  < centrum  middle point, centre  < Gr. κεντρον kentron  sharp point, stationary point of a pair of compasses.  A good proportion of the names here refer to forms collected in "Central Africa," i.e. the eastern Congo and the Rift Valley lakes (e.g. subsp. Bradypterus baboecala, subsp. Chlorocichla flaviventris, subsp. Malimbus rubricollis, subsp. Sarothrura pulchra, subsp. Turdus pelios).  Some further examples follow.
• "Dieselbe steht in Bezug auf Grösse zwischen cardinalis und massaicus in der Mitte." (Neumann 1900) (subsp. Dendropicos fuscescens).  
• "Distribution. Endemic to Peru on east Andean slope from Río Huallaga through Pasco to Junín west of the Río Ene and north of the Río Mantaro  ...  The scientific name reflects the range of this species near the geographic center of Peru." (Hosner et al. in M. Isler et al. 2020) (Grallaria).
• "Intermediate in size between N. f. flavicollis (Vieill.) and N. f. melanoxantha (Lcht.)" (Hellmayr 1907) (subsp. Hemithraupis flavicollis).
• "These birds are intermediate between N. famosa and N. cupreonitens, and resemble birds labelled by Neumann in the Tring Museum with the MS. name Nectarinia famosa centralis" (van Someren 1916) (subsp. Nectarinia famosa).
• "RANGE. —Eastern part of the central Solomon Islands (Kulambangra, New Georgia, Vangunu, and Gatukai)." (Mayr 1932) (subsp. Pachycephala pectoralis).
• "zentralbrasilianischen Hochlandes (Matto-grosso.  S. Goyaz.  N.-São Paulo.  W.-Minas Geraës)" (Hellmayr 1920) (subsp. Ramphocelus carbo).
• "the Central American form is named CICCABA VIRGATA CENTRALIS, subsp. nov.  ...  Chivela, Oaxaca, Mexico." (Griscom 1929) (subsp. Strix virgata).
• "Tang- (Dang-) la Range, Central Tibet, Tang-la Pass" (Sushkin 1926) (subsp. Tetraogallus tibetanus).               

Yellow-backed Tanager (obidensis)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis flavicollis obidensis
obidensis
Obidos, Pará, Brazil.

Yellow-backed Tanager (melanoxantha)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis flavicollis melanoxantha
melanoxantha / melanoxanthos / melanoxanthum / melanoxanthus
Gr. μελας melas, μελανος melanos  black; ξανθος xanthos  yellow.

Yellow-backed Tanager (insignis)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis flavicollis insignis
insignis
L. insignis  extraordinary, remarkable, notable (e.g. very large)  < in   towards; signum  mark.