Calidris Falcinellus Bird

English Name:  Broad-billed Sandpiper
Latin Name:  Calidris falcinellus
Protonym:  Scolopax Falcinellus Dansk.Atlas 1 p.623
Taxonomy:  Charadriiformes / Scolopacidae / Calidris
Taxonomy Code:  brbsan
Type Locality:  No locality = Siaelandia ex Orn. Boreal., p. 49.
Author:  Pontoppidan
Publish Year:  1763
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CALIDRIS
(Scolopacidae; † Red Knot C. canutus) Specific name Tringa calidris J. Gmelin, 1789 (= syn. Calidris canutus); "Knüffel, Calidris.  Schnabel walzenförmig, gegen die Spitze hin dicker, glatt.  Mittlere und äußere Zehe etwas verbunden.   Tringa calidris, arenaria u.a." (Merrem 1804); "LES MAUBÈCHES. (CALIDRIS. Cuv.) (1)  ...  La grande Maubèche grise, Sandpiper et Canut, des Anglais. (Tringa grisea et Tr. Canutus. Gm.) Le plum. d'hiver, enl. 366. Edw. 276.  ...  (1) CALIDRIS, oiseau cendré et tacheté, fréquentant les rivières et les bois. Arist.  Brisson l'applique à l'une des espèces de ce genre" (Cuvier 1817); "Calidris Anonymous = Merrem, Allg. Lit. Zeitung, 2, no. 168, 8 June, 1804, col. 542.  Type, by tautonymy, Tringa calidris Gmelin = Tringa canutus Linné." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 280). 
Var. Calidridris, Callidris, Callydris, Calydris, Chalidris.   
Synon. Actia, Actodromas, Ancylocheilus, Anteliotringa, Aphriza, Arquatella, Canutus, Cinclus, Delopygia, Ereunetes, Erolia, Eurynorhynchus, Falcinellus, Hemipalama, Heteropoda, Heteropygia, Leimonites, Limicola, Limnocinclus, Machetes, Machophilus, Micropalama, Neopisobia, Pavia, Pavoncella, Pelidna, Philomachus, Pisobia, Platyrhamphus, Schoeniclus, Schoeniculus, Symphemia, Tryngites.
• (Scolopacidae; syn. Calidris † Sanderling C. alba) Specific name Charadrius calidris Linnaeus, 1766 (= syn. Calidris alba); "GENUS 89. CALIDRIS.  Arenaria Meyer, Bechstein (Sandläufer Germ.  Sanderling Angl.).   Rostrum mediocre, tenue, rectum, teretiusculum, maxillae dertro paullulum incrassato, in apicem deflexo.  Nares parvae, oblongo-ovales.  Alae volatiles.  Pedes grallarii, mediocres, cursorii, tridactyli, digitis ad basin usque fissis.  Acropodia scutulata.  Species: Charadrius Calidris Lin." (Illiger 1811); "Calidris ILLIGER, Prodromus, 1811, 249. Type, by [tautonymy and] monotypy, Charadrius calidris LINNÆUS = Tringa leucophæa PALLAS [= Trynga alba Pallas]." (AOU Check-List, ed. 3, 1910, 118); ""Tringa leucophaea" Anonymous (in Vroeg's Cat. Rais. d'Ois., p. 32, 1764—northern coast of Holland) is not binomial." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (3), p. 171, footnote).   
Synon. Arenaria, Arenula, Crocethia.

calidris
Gr. καλιδρις kalidris or σκαλιδρις skalidris  speckled, grey-coloured waterside bird mentioned by Aristotle, not further identified, but later conjectured to be a sandpiper or a wagtail.
● ex "Petite Maubèche grise" of Brisson 1760 (syn. Calidris alba).
● "Der südliche Schlammläufer.  Pelidna calidris, Br. (Tringa alpina, Linn.)" (Brehm 1831) (syn. Calidris alpina).
● ex “Rusticola sylvatica” of Gessner 1555, and Aldrovandus 1599-1603, and “Calidris” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Calidris canutus).
● ex “Totanus” of Belon 1555, and Brisson 1760, “Calidris Bellonii” of Aldrovandus 1599-1603, and “Gallinula erythropus major” of Willughby 1676, Ray 1713, and Marsigli 1726 (syn. Tringa totanus).
● ex “American Nightingale” of Edwards 1750 (unident.).

falcinellus
(a) Mod. L. falcinellus  with a small sickle  < dim. L. falx, falcis  sickle, hook.
• "Long broad bill appears heavy, even swollen (at most angles) and has obvious downward kink at tip." (Cramp et al. (eds.) 1983) (OD not yet seen (Pontoppidan, 1763, Danske Atlas, I, p. 623)) (Calidris).
• "140.  2. T. falcinellus *) Nob.  Picolaptes squamatus Lafr. (nec Licht.) Mon. Dendr. p. 71. 12. — Dendrocolaptes falcinellus Licht. in Mus. Berol." (Cabanis & Heine 1859); "Small, with slender, notably decurved bill and scaled underparts." (Pearman & Areta 2020) (Lepidocolaptes).
• "Pipilo maculatus falcinellus, new subspecies.  ...  From Pipilo m. curtatus it differs in slightly longer hind claw" (Swarth 1913) (subsp. Pipilo maculatus) (see falcifer).

(b) Italian name Falcinellus for the Glossy Ibis; "85.  TANTALUS.   ...   Falcinellus.  2. T. facie nigra, pedibus cœruleis, alis caudaque violaceis, corpore castaneo.  Numenius rostro arcuato, corpore castaneo, pedibus obscure virentibus.  Kram. austr. 350.  Numenius viridis.  Briss. av. 5. p. 326. t. 27. f. 2..  Falcinellus.  Gesn. av. 220.  Will. orn. 218. t. 54.  Raj. av. 103. n. 3.   Falcinellus s. Avis falcata.  Aldr. orn. 3. p. 3. 422. t. 423.  Mars. danub. 5. p. 42. t. 19.   Habitat in Austria, Italia, circa lacus." (Linnaeus 1766) (Plegadis).

Falcinellus
Mod. L. falcinellus  little sickle (bird)  < dim. L. falx, falcis  sickle.
• (Scolopacidae; syn. Calidris † Broad-billed Sandpiper C. falcinellus) "5. Tringa platyrhyncha.   ...   5. Regenläufer.  Falcinellus.  Cuv.   Entw[ickelung]. Alle Körpertheile verkleinern sich.   Char[akter]. Strandläufer mit bogenförmigem, plattgedrücktem Schnabel.   Leb[ensart]. Wie bei Phaeopus." (Kaup 1829); "Falcinellus Kaup, Skizz. Entwick.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. p. 37 (pref. April), 1829.  Type (by monotypy): Tringa platyrhynchus Temm. = S. falcinellus Pontopp.  Not Vieillot, Analyse, p. 47, 1816." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral., I, p. 178).
• (Scolopacidae; syn. Calidris † Curlew Sandpiper C. ferruginea) "LES FALCINELLES. (FALCINÈLLUS. Cuv.)  Dont le bec est déprimé, et conserve ses sillons comme celui des corlieux, mais qui n'ont aucun pouce. Ce sont en quelque sort des sanderlings à bec arqué. On n'en connaît qu'une espèce, qui est de ce pays-ci (Scol. pygmea, Lin.), encore à peu près du même plumage que les courlis et le corlieu, mais à peine de la taille d'une alouette" (Cuvier 1817); "Falcinellus Cuvier, Règne Anim. vol. i. p. 486 (1817=), Dec. 1816.  Type (by monotypy): Scol. pygmæa Linn. [= Gmelin] = S. testacea Vroeg.  Not of Vieillot, Analyse nouv. Ornith. p. 47, April 1816." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral., I, p. 177).
• (Threkiornithidae; syn. Plegadis † Glossy Ibis P. falcinellus) "FALCINELLUS, Ray.  Tantalus, L.  Numenius, Briss.  Tantalides, Wagl.   F. igneus, (Gm.) n.  T. falcinellus, L. Hist. d'Égypte, Ois., pl. 7." (G. Gray 1841); "Falcinellus (not of Illiger, 1816) Gray, List Gen. Bds., p. 67, 1841—type, by orig. desig., "F. igneus (Gmelin)" = Tantalus falcinellus Linnaeus." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (2), p. 264).
• (Promeropidae; syn. Promerops † Cape Sugarbird P. cafer) "166. PROMÉROPS, Falcinellus.  Upupa, Linn. Gm. Lath.  Bec plus long que la tête, convexe en dessus, comprimé latéralement, arqué, acuminé; mandibule supérieure la plus longue. —  Langue courte et pointue, ou médiocre et ciliée à l'extrémité. — Douze rectrices.   Esp. Promerops, Buff." (Vieillot 1816); "Falcinellus Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 47.  Type, by monotypy, "Promerops" of de Buffon = Merops cafer Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).

SUBSPECIES

Broad-billed Sandpiper (falcinellus)
Latin Name: Calidris falcinellus falcinellus
falcinellus
(a) Mod. L. falcinellus  with a small sickle  < dim. L. falx, falcis  sickle, hook.
• "Long broad bill appears heavy, even swollen (at most angles) and has obvious downward kink at tip." (Cramp et al. (eds.) 1983) (OD not yet seen (Pontoppidan, 1763, Danske Atlas, I, p. 623)) (Calidris).
• "140.  2. T. falcinellus *) Nob.  Picolaptes squamatus Lafr. (nec Licht.) Mon. Dendr. p. 71. 12. — Dendrocolaptes falcinellus Licht. in Mus. Berol." (Cabanis & Heine 1859); "Small, with slender, notably decurved bill and scaled underparts." (Pearman & Areta 2020) (Lepidocolaptes).
• "Pipilo maculatus falcinellus, new subspecies.  ...  From Pipilo m. curtatus it differs in slightly longer hind claw" (Swarth 1913) (subsp. Pipilo maculatus) (see falcifer).

(b) Italian name Falcinellus for the Glossy Ibis; "85.  TANTALUS.   ...   Falcinellus.  2. T. facie nigra, pedibus cœruleis, alis caudaque violaceis, corpore castaneo.  Numenius rostro arcuato, corpore castaneo, pedibus obscure virentibus.  Kram. austr. 350.  Numenius viridis.  Briss. av. 5. p. 326. t. 27. f. 2..  Falcinellus.  Gesn. av. 220.  Will. orn. 218. t. 54.  Raj. av. 103. n. 3.   Falcinellus s. Avis falcata.  Aldr. orn. 3. p. 3. 422. t. 423.  Mars. danub. 5. p. 42. t. 19.   Habitat in Austria, Italia, circa lacus." (Linnaeus 1766) (Plegadis).

Broad-billed Sandpiper (sibirica)
Latin Name: Calidris falcinellus sibirica
sibirica / sibiricum / sibiricus
Mod. L. Sibiricus  Siberian  < Sibiria  Siberia, northern Asiatic Russia  < Sibir, a former Tartar khanate of western Siberia, west of the Yenisey.
● ex “Dun Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (Muscicapa).
● ex “Siberian Titmouse” of Latham 1783 (syn. Poecile cinctus).