Sitta Europaea Bird

English Name:  Eurasian Nuthatch
Latin Name:  Sitta europaea
Protonym:  Sitta europaea Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.115
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Sittidae / Sitta
Taxonomy Code:  eurnut2
Type Locality:  Europae, Americae; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 329.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  

DEFINITIONS

SITTA
(Sittidae; Ϯ Eurasian Nuthatch S. europaea) Late Med. L. sitta (Turner 1544) nuthatch  < Gr. σιττη sittē  bird like a woodpecker mentioned by Aristotle, Callimachus, and Hesychius; "55. SITTA.  Rostrum subcultrato-conicum, rectum, porrectum: integerrimum, mandibula superiore obtusiuscula.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Sitta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 115. Type, by monotypy, Sitta europaea Linnaeus." (Greenway in Peters 1967, XII, 125). Linnaeus's Sitta comprised a single species.
Var. Sitla, Sida.
Synon. Arctositta, Callisitta, Cyanositta,  Dendrophila, Homositta, Leptositta, Melositta, Mesositta, Micrositta, Oenositta, Orthorynchus, Poecilositta, Poliositta, Rupisitta, Sittella.

europae / europaea / europaeus / europeus
L. Europaeus European < Europa or Europe Europe (Gr. myth. Europe, daughter of Agenor King of Phoenicia and mother to Sarpedon and Minos by Jupiter)).
● "102. CAPRIMULGUS.  ...  europæus.  1. C. narium tubis obsoletis.  Hirundo cauda integra, ore setis ciliato. Fn. svec. 248.  Caprimulgus. Bell. av. 28. a. Gesn. av. 242. Jonst. av. 53. t. 20. Will. orn. 70. t. 14. Raj. av. 26. n. 1. Alb. av. I. p. 10. t. 10. Frisch. av. . . t. 101. Catesb. car. I. p. 8. t. 8.  β. Caprimulgus minor americanus. Catesb. car. 3. p. 16. t. 16. Edw. av. 63. t. 63.  Habitat in Europa & America.  Varietatem β. judico ex macula alba alarum & rectricum, ut in mare avis europeæ.  Victitat Phalænis & insectis nocturnis. Nidus orbiculatus e luto inter rupes." (Linnaeus 1758) (Caprimulgus).
● Erroneous TL. Southern Europe, Greece (= India) (syn. Francolinus francolinus asiae).
● Île Europa, Mozambique Channel (subsp. Phaethon lepturus).
● "55. SITTA.  ...  europæa.  1. S. rectricibus nigris: lateralibus quatuor infra apicem albis. Fn. svec. 182.  Sitta s. Picus cinereus. Gesn. av. 711. Aldr. orn. l. 12. c. 38. Will. ornith. 98. t. 33. Raj. av. 47. Alb. av. 2. p. 27. t. 28. Frisch. av. . . t. 39. f. 2.  β. Sitta capite nigro & Sitta capite fusco. Catesb. carol. 1. p. 22. t. 22.  Habitat in Europæ, Americæ truncis arborum larvas sub cortice effodiens; Nuces rostro perforat & edit. Nidum struens reperto congruo foramine arboris, illud limo oblinit pro capacitate ingressus." (Linnaeus 1758) (Sitta).
● Europe; ex “Merle de montagne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 182 (syn. Turdus torquatus).

SUBSPECIES

Eurasian Nuthatch (Western)
Latin Name: Sitta europaea [europaea Group]
SITTA
(Sittidae; Ϯ Eurasian Nuthatch S. europaea) Late Med. L. sitta (Turner 1544) nuthatch  < Gr. σιττη sittē  bird like a woodpecker mentioned by Aristotle, Callimachus, and Hesychius; "55. SITTA.  Rostrum subcultrato-conicum, rectum, porrectum: integerrimum, mandibula superiore obtusiuscula.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Sitta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 115. Type, by monotypy, Sitta europaea Linnaeus." (Greenway in Peters 1967, XII, 125). Linnaeus's Sitta comprised a single species.
Var. Sitla, Sida.
Synon. Arctositta, Callisitta, Cyanositta,  Dendrophila, Homositta, Leptositta, Melositta, Mesositta, Micrositta, Oenositta, Orthorynchus, Poecilositta, Poliositta, Rupisitta, Sittella.

Eurasian Nuthatch (Siberian)
Latin Name: Sitta europaea arctica
arctica
L. arcticus northern, arctic < Gr. αρκτικος arktikos northern < αρκτος arktos north.
● "63. ALCA.  ...  arctica.  3. A. rostro compresso-ancipiti sulcato sulcis quatuor, oculorum orbita temporibusque albis. Fn. svec. 118.  Anas arctica. Clus. exot. 104. Raj. av. 120. Worm. mus. 302. Olear. mus. t. 15. f. 5. Will. orn. 244. t. 65. Raj. av. 120. Alb. av. 2. p. 73. t. 78. 79.  Lunda. Gesn. av. 725. Oelig. mus. 2. f. 11. t. 11. f. 21.  Habitat in Europæ borealis oceano." (Linnaeus 1758) (Fratercula).
● "68. COLYMBUS.  ...  arcticus.  1. C. pedibus palmatis indivisis, gutture nigro-purpurascente. Fn. svec. 121. It. gotl. 341.  Colymbus arcticus Lumme. Worm. mus. 304. t. 305. Will. orn. 259. t. 62. Raj. av. 125. Oelig. mus. I. f. 11. t. 1. f. 2.  Mergus maximus ferroensis s. arcticus. Clus. exot. 102.  Colymbus collo rubro. Edw. av. 97. t. 97. & 146. t. 140.  Habitat in Europa & America boreali; lacustris.  Mas sub gula purpurascens, Femina vero nigra; monogama; ova 2. in littore; nequit incedere; feris exosa; clamitando tempestate præsagit; migrat in proximam Germaniam.  Confr. Colymbus maximus caudatus. Alb. av. I. p. 78. t. 82. Raj. av. 125. n. 4. Will. orn. 258. t. 62. f. 1. femina." (Linnaeus 1758) (Gavia).

Eurasian Nuthatch (White-bellied)
Latin Name: Sitta europaea [asiatica Group]
SITTA
(Sittidae; Ϯ Eurasian Nuthatch S. europaea) Late Med. L. sitta (Turner 1544) nuthatch  < Gr. σιττη sittē  bird like a woodpecker mentioned by Aristotle, Callimachus, and Hesychius; "55. SITTA.  Rostrum subcultrato-conicum, rectum, porrectum: integerrimum, mandibula superiore obtusiuscula.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Sitta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 115. Type, by monotypy, Sitta europaea Linnaeus." (Greenway in Peters 1967, XII, 125). Linnaeus's Sitta comprised a single species.
Var. Sitla, Sida.
Synon. Arctositta, Callisitta, Cyanositta,  Dendrophila, Homositta, Leptositta, Melositta, Mesositta, Micrositta, Oenositta, Orthorynchus, Poecilositta, Poliositta, Rupisitta, Sittella.

Eurasian Nuthatch (Buff-bellied)
Latin Name: Sitta europaea [roseilia Group]
SITTA
(Sittidae; Ϯ Eurasian Nuthatch S. europaea) Late Med. L. sitta (Turner 1544) nuthatch  < Gr. σιττη sittē  bird like a woodpecker mentioned by Aristotle, Callimachus, and Hesychius; "55. SITTA.  Rostrum subcultrato-conicum, rectum, porrectum: integerrimum, mandibula superiore obtusiuscula.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Sitta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 115. Type, by monotypy, Sitta europaea Linnaeus." (Greenway in Peters 1967, XII, 125). Linnaeus's Sitta comprised a single species.
Var. Sitla, Sida.
Synon. Arctositta, Callisitta, Cyanositta,  Dendrophila, Homositta, Leptositta, Melositta, Mesositta, Micrositta, Oenositta, Orthorynchus, Poecilositta, Poliositta, Rupisitta, Sittella.

Eurasian Nuthatch (Chinese)
Latin Name: Sitta europaea sinensis/formosana
SITTA
(Sittidae; Ϯ Eurasian Nuthatch S. europaea) Late Med. L. sitta (Turner 1544) nuthatch  < Gr. σιττη sittē  bird like a woodpecker mentioned by Aristotle, Callimachus, and Hesychius; "55. SITTA.  Rostrum subcultrato-conicum, rectum, porrectum: integerrimum, mandibula superiore obtusiuscula.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Sitta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 115. Type, by monotypy, Sitta europaea Linnaeus." (Greenway in Peters 1967, XII, 125). Linnaeus's Sitta comprised a single species.
Var. Sitla, Sida.
Synon. Arctositta, Callisitta, Cyanositta,  Dendrophila, Homositta, Leptositta, Melositta, Mesositta, Micrositta, Oenositta, Orthorynchus, Poecilositta, Poliositta, Rupisitta, Sittella.