Harpactes Erythrocephalus Bird

English Name:  Red-headed Trogon
Latin Name:  Harpactes erythrocephalus
Protonym:  Trogon erythrocephalus Proc.Zool.Soc.London Pt2 no.16 p.25
Taxonomy:  Trogoniformes / Trogonidae / Harpactes
Taxonomy Code:  rehtro1
Type Locality:  Rangoon.
Author:  Gould
Publish Year:  1834
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

HARPACTES
(Trogonidae; Ϯ Malabar Trogon H. fasciatus) Gr. ἁρπακτης harpaktēs  robber  < ἁρπαζω harpazō  to rob; alluding to the heavy bodies and strong, deeply notched bills of these oriental trogons; "SUB-GENERA.  ...  3. Bill entire. Inhabits tropical Asia.   HARPACTES, Sw." (Swainson 1833); "Harpactes, Sw.  Bill stronger: both mandibles deeply notched at their tips, but the margins smooth. Nostrils partially naked. Tarsus only half feathered. The anterior toes less united.  Tropical Asia.  The conirostral type.   Malabaricus. Gould, Mon.   erythrocephalus. Ib.   Gouldii. (Sw.) P. C. 121.   Temminckii. P. Col. 321.   Duvaucellii. Ib. 291.   Diardi. Ib. 54." (Swainson 1837); "Harpactes Swainson, Zool. Illustr. (2), 3, 1832-33 (1833), p. 107 (in key). Diagnosis only, no type or included species. Species added, Swainson, Classif. Bds., 2, 1837, p. 337. Type, by subsequent designation, Trogon malabaricus Gould.²  (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 10.)   ...   ² This name is not antedated by Harpactes Templeton, Zool. Journ., 5, 1829-1834, p. 401, since the part of the Zool. Journ. containing that name was not published until Nov. or Dec. 1835." (Peters, 1945, V, p. 161).
Var. Harpactor.
Synon. Duvaucelius, Hapalurus, Oreskios, Pyrotrogon.

erythrocephala / erythrocephalum / erythrocephalus
Gr. ερυθρος eruthros  red; -κεφαλος -kephalos  -headed  < κεφαλη kephalē  head.
● "96. LOXIA.  ...  eryocephala [sic].  9. L. cinerascens, capite purpurascente, pectore albo maculato.  Passer paradisæus, capite rubro, pectore nigro albo maculato. Edw. av. 180. t. 180.   Habitat in Africa.  Corpus supra cinereum, griseo maculatum; subtus totum fuscum maculis albis rotundis. Alæ fuscæ. Remiges margine griseæ. Cauda nigra, forficata. Caput purpureum." (Linnaeus 1758) (Amadina).
● ex “Barbu de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 206, fig. 1 (syn. Capito niger).
● "100. PARUS.  ...  erythrocephalus.  10. P. niger, capite femoribusque fulvis.  Parus auricapillus. Klein. av. 86.  Parus niger, capite fulvo. Edw. av. 21. p. 21.  Habitat in America australi." (Linnaeus 1758) (Ceratopipra).
● ex “Petit Pic à Baguettes d’Or” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 253 (syn. Dendropicos fuscescens).
● ex “Red-headed Finch” of Latham 1783 (syn. Foudia rubra).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  erythrocephalus.  5. P. capite toto rubro, alis caudaque nigris, abdomine albo.  Picus capite toto rubro. Catesb. car. I. p. 20. t. 20.  Habitat in America." (Linnaeus 1758) (Melanerpes).
● ex “Apiaster indicus erythrocephalus” of Brisson 1760, “Guêpier à tête rouge” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Red-headed Bee-eater” of Shaw 1778 and Latham 1782 (syn. Merops leschenaulti).
● ex “Red-headed Swallow” of Latham 1783 (unident.; ?syn. Petrochelidon fluvicola).
● ex “Psittaca ginginiana erythrocephalos” of Brisson 1760, “Perruche à tête rouge de Gingi” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 264, “Perruche à tête rouge” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Blossom-headed Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (syn. Psittacula roseata).

SUBSPECIES

Red-headed Trogon (hodgsoni)
Latin Name: Harpactes erythrocephalus hodgsoni
hodgsoni / hodgsoniae / hodgsonii / hodgsonis
● Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800-1894) English diplomat, Assistant Commissioner for Kumaon 1819-1820, Assistant Resident/Resident to Nepal 1820-1844, ethnologist, naturalist (syn. Aethopyga saturata, Anthus, syn. Aquila chrysaetos daphanea, Batrachostomus, subsp. Buteo buteo, syn. Caprimulgus macrurus albonotatus, Certhia, syn. Chloropsis aurifrons, syn. Chrysococcyx maculatus, syn. Cochoa purpurea, Columba, syn. Dendrocopos darjellensis, subsp. Dryocopus javensis, Ficedula, syn. Ficedula erithacus, syn. Harpactes erythrocephalus, syn. Hodgsonius phaenicuroides, syn. Motacilla alba leucopsis, syn. Oriolus xanthornus, Phoenicurus, Prinia, subsp. Psilopogon lineatus, syn. Psittacula himalayana, syn. Strix newarensis, Tickellia, syn. Turdus viscivorus, syn. Zoothera mollissima).
● Anne Hodgson née Scott (?1816-1868) first wife of English diplomat and naturalist Brian H. Hodgson (Perdix).

Red-headed Trogon (erythrocephalus)
Latin Name: Harpactes erythrocephalus erythrocephalus
erythrocephala / erythrocephalum / erythrocephalus
Gr. ερυθρος eruthros  red; -κεφαλος -kephalos  -headed  < κεφαλη kephalē  head.
● "96. LOXIA.  ...  eryocephala [sic].  9. L. cinerascens, capite purpurascente, pectore albo maculato.  Passer paradisæus, capite rubro, pectore nigro albo maculato. Edw. av. 180. t. 180.   Habitat in Africa.  Corpus supra cinereum, griseo maculatum; subtus totum fuscum maculis albis rotundis. Alæ fuscæ. Remiges margine griseæ. Cauda nigra, forficata. Caput purpureum." (Linnaeus 1758) (Amadina).
● ex “Barbu de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 206, fig. 1 (syn. Capito niger).
● "100. PARUS.  ...  erythrocephalus.  10. P. niger, capite femoribusque fulvis.  Parus auricapillus. Klein. av. 86.  Parus niger, capite fulvo. Edw. av. 21. p. 21.  Habitat in America australi." (Linnaeus 1758) (Ceratopipra).
● ex “Petit Pic à Baguettes d’Or” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 253 (syn. Dendropicos fuscescens).
● ex “Red-headed Finch” of Latham 1783 (syn. Foudia rubra).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  erythrocephalus.  5. P. capite toto rubro, alis caudaque nigris, abdomine albo.  Picus capite toto rubro. Catesb. car. I. p. 20. t. 20.  Habitat in America." (Linnaeus 1758) (Melanerpes).
● ex “Apiaster indicus erythrocephalus” of Brisson 1760, “Guêpier à tête rouge” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Red-headed Bee-eater” of Shaw 1778 and Latham 1782 (syn. Merops leschenaulti).
● ex “Red-headed Swallow” of Latham 1783 (unident.; ?syn. Petrochelidon fluvicola).
● ex “Psittaca ginginiana erythrocephalos” of Brisson 1760, “Perruche à tête rouge de Gingi” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 264, “Perruche à tête rouge” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Blossom-headed Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (syn. Psittacula roseata).

Red-headed Trogon (helenae)
Latin Name: Harpactes erythrocephalus helenae
helenae
• Renée Marie Jeanne Hélène Lavauden (1912-1989) daughter of French naturalist and forester Louis Lavauden (subsp. Galerida cristata).
• Helen McMahon Cutting (1894-1961) wife of US explorer C. Suydam Cutting (subsp. Harpactes erythrocephalus).
• Gr. myth. Helen of Troy, “the face that launched a thousand ships, and burnt the topless towers of Ilium,” wife to Menelaüs and the most beautiful woman of her age (Hypothymis).
• Helen or Ellen Kelsall née Owens (1873-1930) wife of Colonel H. J. Kelsall, collector in tropical Africa 1910-1913 (subsp. Laniarius barbarus).
• Helen Luise Elisabeth Herzogin zu Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Princesse d’Orléans (1814-1858) wife of patron of natural history Ferdinand Philippe Duc d’Orléans (Lophornis).
• Elena de Faz Booth y Tinto (d. 1850) wife of Cuban plantation owner Carlos Booth y Tinto, who befriended Gundlach (Mellisuga).
• Helen Mackenzie McConnell née Alexander (1871-1954) wife of English collector F. V. McConnell (subsp. Neopipo cinnamomea).
• Helena Forde née Scott (1832-1910) Australian entomologist, oologist and artist (subsp. Parotia lawesii).
• Helena Mary Ann Oates née Blythe (1865-1903) wife of English naturalist Eugene W. Oates (Björn Bergenholtz in litt.) (syn. Polyplectron bicalcaratum).
• Helen Livingston Greenway née Scott (1903-1985) first wife of US ornithologist James C. Greenway, Jr. (Paul Scofield in litt.) (subsp. Stachyris strialata).

Red-headed Trogon (yamakanensis)
Latin Name: Harpactes erythrocephalus yamakanensis
yamakanensis / yamakenensis
Yamakan, Fohkien / Fujian, China.

Red-headed Trogon (intermedius)
Latin Name: Harpactes erythrocephalus intermedius
intermedea / intermedia / intermedianus / intermedium / intermedius
L. intermedius  intermediate, that is between (cf. Late L. intermedium  intervention, between two others; Med. L. intermedium  interval).  These epithets are common in ornithology, highlighting forms considered to have intermediate plumage, size, distribution, etc.; only a few are shown below.
• “Genus Ardea.   ...   A. intermedia.  ...  Habitat in insula Java.  Simillima habitu ac colore Ardeae flavirostri, eadem dimidio fere minor.” (Wagler 1829) (Ardea).
• "73.  Coracina papuensis papuensis Gm.   ...   The birds from the Snow Mts. are exactly intermediate between C. p. papuensis from N. W. New Guinea and C. p. meekiana from S. E. New Guinea; so I propose to call the race found on the south side of the Central Range.   Coracina papuensis intermedia subsp. nov." (Rothschild 1931) (subsp. Coracina papuensis).
• "Ce tinamou présente, comme nous l'avons dit, des caractères de transition entre Calopezus elegans et Calopezus formosus.  Cette nouvelle espèce, ou peut-être race intermédiaire, qui paraît localisée dans les régions montagneuses du Nord-ouest de la République Argentine, nous la distinguerons avec le nom de:  Calopezus intermedius n. sp.   ...   Il est possible que Calopezus intermedius et Calopezus formosus représentent seulement des formes géographiques de Calopezus elegans" (Dabbene & Lillo 1913) ( subsp. Eudromia elegans).
• "Formicivora   ...   F. grisea  ...  Kommt in Brasilien, Cayenne und Guiana vor.   ...   F. rufatra  ...  Vaterland: Brasilien und Bolivien.   ...   F. intermedia.  ...  Vaterland: Columbien" (Cabanis 1847) (Formicivora).
• "Falco pondicerianus apud Horsfield is a race intermediate to Haliastur indus of India proper and H. leucosternum of Australia, having dark central streaks to the white portion of the plumage, but considerably less developed than (constantly) in the Indian bird..  ...  Of very many examples of the Indian race examined or beheld close, I certainly have never seen one that had the dark streaks or lines so little developed as in the Javanese bird, or most assuredly I should have remarked it.  To what extent the Indian and Australian races may thus grade into each other, in other intermediate localities, remains to be ascertained.  ...  Mr. Gurney informs me that he thinks the Javanese race should be distinguished by the name intermedius." (Blyth 1865) (subsp. Haliastur indus).
• "Then we have in Tenasserim, most abundant in the hills, but extending in the cold weather to the sea-board and the plains of Pegu, a race of melaschistus, which I will, for convenience sake, denominate VOLVOCIVORA  INTERMEDIA.  It is very close to melaschistus, and as such I originally identified it, but with 24 specimens before me I find that sex being ascertained no specimen of it can be mistaken for a specimen of the corresponding sex of melaschistus, but it is much the same size, and the old males are nearly as possible the same colour as the females of melaschistus.  ...  I am very doubtful whether this should be considered a subspecies or not, but it is a very distinguishable and perfectly constant race, and not one single specimen of true melaschistus has occurred to us throughout the region in which it is so abundant, and it may be best therefore to characterize it by a distinct name." (Hume 1877) (subsp. Lalage melaschistos).
• "5.  SETOPHAGA  INTERMEDIA, Nob.  ...  Espèce typique intermédiaire entre la S. vulnerata et la S. verticalis, Lafresn.  Elle diffère de la première par un bec plus grand et plus large, par la gorge cendrée, par le coloris de la queue, par la couleur de l'abdomen; la S. verticalis, Lafr. est jaune d'œuf en dessous." (Hartlaub 1852) (subsp. Myioborus miniatus).
• "3. CRYPTOLOPHA  INTERMEDIA  La Touche, sp. n.   Near C. tephrocephala (Anders.) and C. affinis (Hodgs.).  Differs from the former in having a much shorter bill, and the secondary coverts distinctly tipped with pale yellow, forming a well-marked bar; from C. affinis it differs in having a ring of feathers round the eye, yellow." (La Touche 1898) (Phylloscopus).
• “728. —  Pipreola viridis intermedia  ...  Forme intermédiaire entre la P. viridis de la Bolivie et la P. melanolæma de l’Ecuador, plus voisine de la dernière.” (Taczanowski 1884) (Pipreola).
• "Ploceus intermedius.  Sehr nahe mit meinem Ploceus larvatus verwandte Art.  Vorderkopf bis über den hintern Augenwinkel, Kehle, Oberhals und Ohrengegend schwarz, Hinterkopf und Nacken röthlich braungelb.  Mitte der Brust orangengelb, Seiten des Halses und Unterkörpers citrongelb.  Rücken gelbgrün, gegen den Schwanz hin citronengelb." (Rüppell 1845) (Ploceus).
• “This species is somewhat intermediate between Palaeornis schisticeps and P. cyanocephala in size and coloration, but is nearer P. schisticeps” (Rothschild 1895) (syn. Psittacula cyanocephala x Psittacula himalayana).
• "RHIPIDURA  INTERMEDIA, sp. nov.  ...  Dr. Sharpe's description of Rhipidura rufifrons in the "Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum," vol. iv., p. 319 (1879), evidently applies to this species, for he describes the tail feathers as being "distinctly tipped with white."  The type of Rhipidura rufifrons characterized by Dr. Latham, was obtained in New South Wales, and has the tips of the tail feathers pale brown, not white.  In the latter respect Rhipidura intermedia agrees with R. torrida, described and figured (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 477, pl. xxviii.) by Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, from the island of Ternate, but R. torrida differs from R. intermedia in having the ear-coverts and upper breast black." (North 1902) (subsp. Rhipidura rufifrons).
• "Sp. intermedia n. sp.  ... Der [Sp.] hypoleuca im Schnabel und der ganzen Gestalt äusserst ähnlich, nur etwas kleiner, von dieser durch die nicht weisse, sondern graue Färbung der Kehle und Brust verschieden, mithin fast ganz so gefärbt wie Sp. plumbea, von welcher intermedia sich nur unterscheidet durch den grössern Schnabel und die kürzeren abgerundeteren, daher nicht so zugespitzten Flügel; auch sind Kehle und Brust etwas dunkler als in plumbea und fehlt das weisse Fleckchen an der Wurzel des Unterkiefers; der weisse Spiegel auf dem Flügel ist kleiner und versteckter" (Cabanis 1851) (Sporophila).
• "Thamnistes anabatinus intermedius subsp. nov.  ...  This form, based on but one specimen, is clearly an intermediate between T. æquatorialis of eastern Ecuador and southeastern Colombia, and the quite different T. anabatinus group of Panama to Mexico.  Its crown and back closely agree in color with those of æquatorialis while the underparts are similar to those of T. a. coronatus; the tail and wings externally are intermediate but nearer to those of coronatus." (Chapman 1914) (subsp. Thamnistes anabatinus).
• "33.  Thamnophilus intermedius, sp. nov.   SP. CHAR.—Adult male: Similar to that of T. nigricristatus LAWR., but bill larger, and feathers of crest largely white in middle portion; adult female similar to that of T. doliatus, but with larger bill." (Ridgway 1888) (subsp. Thamnophilus doliatus).
• "ZOSTEROPS  INTERMEDIA.  ...  Very near Z. flava, but a little larger, more yellow on the forehead and less on the upper tail-coverts, and the black subocular streak not extending so far forward  ...  Hab. Macassar and Lombock.   Remark.—Mr. G. R. Gray attached the MS. name of intermedius to my Macassar specimen." (Wallace 1864) (subsp. Zosterops chloris).

Red-headed Trogon (annamensis)
Latin Name: Harpactes erythrocephalus annamensis
annamense / annamensis
Annam Protectorate, French Indochina (= central Vietnam).

Red-headed Trogon (klossi)
Latin Name: Harpactes erythrocephalus klossi
klossi / klossii
Cecil Boden Kloss (1877-1949) English zoologist, Director of Raffles Mus., Singapore 1921-1936 (subsp. Accipiter badius, subsp. Bubo coromandus, subsp. Cinnyris jugularis, subsp. Cissa chinensis, subsp. Cyornis hainanus, subsp. Harpactes erythrocephalus, syn. Myophonus caeruleus eugenei, subsp. Pachycephala soror, subsp. Phylloscopus ogilviegranti, subsp. Pomatorhinus schisticeps, subsp. Prinia superciliaris, Pseudominla, subsp. Pycnonotus aurigaster, subsp. Rallicula rubra, Schoeniparus, Spilornis, subsp. Sylviparus modestus).

Red-headed Trogon (chaseni)
Latin Name: Harpactes erythrocephalus chaseni
chaseni
Frederick Nutter Chasen (1897-1942) British ornithologist, Director of Raffles Mus., Singapore 1932-1942 (syn. Aegithina tiphia aequanimis, subsp. Batrachostomus javensis, syn. Charadrius peronii, syn. Chrysocorythus estherae orientalis, subsp. Enicurus leschenaulti, subsp. Harpactes erythrocephalus, syn. Prinia flaviventris latrunculus, subsp. Strix leptogrammica, syn. Treron curvirostra).

Red-headed Trogon (hainanus)
Latin Name: Harpactes erythrocephalus hainanus
hainana / hainanensis / hainanum / hainanus
Hainan I., China.

Red-headed Trogon (flagrans)
Latin Name: Harpactes erythrocephalus flagrans
flagrans
L. flagrans, flagrantis  blazing, flaming, glowing  < flagrare  to flame.