Trochalopteron Erythrocephalum Bird

English Name:  Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush
Latin Name:  Trochalopteron erythrocephalum
Protonym:  Cinclosoma erythrocephalum Proc.Zool.Soc.London Pt1 no.14 p.171
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Leiothrichidae / Trochalopteron
Taxonomy Code:  chclau2
Type Locality:  Himalayas; restricted to ''the district Simla-Almora,'' by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471, and further restricted to Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Vaurie, 1953, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 73, p. 78.
Author:  Vigors
Publish Year:  1832
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

TROCHALOPTERON
(Leiothrichidae; Ϯ Scaly Laughingthrush T. subunicolor) Gr. τροχαλος trokhalos  round, bowed; πτερον pteron  wing; "* In a list of specimens now on their way from Mr. Hodgson, I find three species mentioned, by the names leucopophlus (Quære leucolophos), erythropterus, and subunicolor; this last, with setafer and others, constituting Mr. Hodgson's division Trochalopteron, the propriety of adopting which name will depend on whether Mr. Swainson's Crateropus Reinwardii be considered admissable into the group, in which case it must bear the appellation Crateropus.  The specimens adverted to have since arrived, but Tr. leucopophlus (?) and erythropterus are not among them; and of Tr. subunicolor, a nestling specimen only is sent, of a species nearly allied to Tr. erythrocephalus, chrysopterus, and affinis, especially to the latter, but having a shorter and thicker bill than in that bird." (Blyth 1843); "Trochalopteron Blyth, 1843, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 952, footnote. Type, by subsequent designation (Baker, 1930, Fauna Brit. Inida, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 30), Trochalopteron subunicolor Blyth." (Deignan in Peters 1964, X, 348).
Var. Trochalopterum.
Synon. Galeropis, Montecincla, Pterocyclus, Strophocincla.

erythrocephala / erythrocephalum / erythrocephalus
Gr. ερυθρος eruthros  red; -κεφαλος -kephalos  -headed  < κεφαλη kephalē  head.
● "96. LOXIA.  ...  eryocephala [sic].  9. L. cinerascens, capite purpurascente, pectore albo maculato.  Passer paradisæus, capite rubro, pectore nigro albo maculato. Edw. av. 180. t. 180.   Habitat in Africa.  Corpus supra cinereum, griseo maculatum; subtus totum fuscum maculis albis rotundis. Alæ fuscæ. Remiges margine griseæ. Cauda nigra, forficata. Caput purpureum." (Linnaeus 1758) (Amadina).
● ex “Barbu de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 206, fig. 1 (syn. Capito niger).
● "100. PARUS.  ...  erythrocephalus.  10. P. niger, capite femoribusque fulvis.  Parus auricapillus. Klein. av. 86.  Parus niger, capite fulvo. Edw. av. 21. p. 21.  Habitat in America australi." (Linnaeus 1758) (Ceratopipra).
● ex “Petit Pic à Baguettes d’Or” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 253 (syn. Dendropicos fuscescens).
● ex “Red-headed Finch” of Latham 1783 (syn. Foudia rubra).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  erythrocephalus.  5. P. capite toto rubro, alis caudaque nigris, abdomine albo.  Picus capite toto rubro. Catesb. car. I. p. 20. t. 20.  Habitat in America." (Linnaeus 1758) (Melanerpes).
● ex “Apiaster indicus erythrocephalus” of Brisson 1760, “Guêpier à tête rouge” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Red-headed Bee-eater” of Shaw 1778 and Latham 1782 (syn. Merops leschenaulti).
● ex “Red-headed Swallow” of Latham 1783 (unident.; ?syn. Petrochelidon fluvicola).
● ex “Psittaca ginginiana erythrocephalos” of Brisson 1760, “Perruche à tête rouge de Gingi” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 264, “Perruche à tête rouge” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Blossom-headed Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (syn. Psittacula roseata).

SUBSPECIES

Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush (erythrocephalum)
Latin Name: Trochalopteron erythrocephalum erythrocephalum
erythrocephala / erythrocephalum / erythrocephalus
Gr. ερυθρος eruthros  red; -κεφαλος -kephalos  -headed  < κεφαλη kephalē  head.
● "96. LOXIA.  ...  eryocephala [sic].  9. L. cinerascens, capite purpurascente, pectore albo maculato.  Passer paradisæus, capite rubro, pectore nigro albo maculato. Edw. av. 180. t. 180.   Habitat in Africa.  Corpus supra cinereum, griseo maculatum; subtus totum fuscum maculis albis rotundis. Alæ fuscæ. Remiges margine griseæ. Cauda nigra, forficata. Caput purpureum." (Linnaeus 1758) (Amadina).
● ex “Barbu de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 206, fig. 1 (syn. Capito niger).
● "100. PARUS.  ...  erythrocephalus.  10. P. niger, capite femoribusque fulvis.  Parus auricapillus. Klein. av. 86.  Parus niger, capite fulvo. Edw. av. 21. p. 21.  Habitat in America australi." (Linnaeus 1758) (Ceratopipra).
● ex “Petit Pic à Baguettes d’Or” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 253 (syn. Dendropicos fuscescens).
● ex “Red-headed Finch” of Latham 1783 (syn. Foudia rubra).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  erythrocephalus.  5. P. capite toto rubro, alis caudaque nigris, abdomine albo.  Picus capite toto rubro. Catesb. car. I. p. 20. t. 20.  Habitat in America." (Linnaeus 1758) (Melanerpes).
● ex “Apiaster indicus erythrocephalus” of Brisson 1760, “Guêpier à tête rouge” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Red-headed Bee-eater” of Shaw 1778 and Latham 1782 (syn. Merops leschenaulti).
● ex “Red-headed Swallow” of Latham 1783 (unident.; ?syn. Petrochelidon fluvicola).
● ex “Psittaca ginginiana erythrocephalos” of Brisson 1760, “Perruche à tête rouge de Gingi” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 264, “Perruche à tête rouge” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Blossom-headed Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (syn. Psittacula roseata).

Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush (kali)
Latin Name: Trochalopteron erythrocephalum kali
kali
Kali River, west-central Nepal.

Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush (nigrimentum)
Latin Name: Trochalopteron erythrocephalum nigrimentum
nigrimentum / nigrimentus
L. niger  black; mentum  chin.