Ficedula Erithacus Bird

English Name:  Slaty-backed Flycatcher
Latin Name:  Ficedula erithacus
Protonym:  Siphia erithacus Proc.Zool.Soc.London 1861 p. 201
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Muscicapidae / Ficedula
Taxonomy Code:  slbfly1
Type Locality:  
Author:  Jerdon & Blyth
Publish Year:  1861
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

FICEDULA
(Muscicapidae; † Pied Flycatcher F. hypoleuca) L. ficedula, ficetula or ficecula  small fig-pecking bird that changed into the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla in winter  < ficus  fig (cf. specific name Motacilla ficedula Linnaeus, 1758 (= syn. Ficedula hypoleuca)); "Genus Ficedulæ.  Hujus character est  Digiti quatuor, membranis destituti; tres scilicet antici, posticus unus; omnes circiter usque ad exortum discreti:  Crura ad calcaneum usque plumosa:  Rostrum subulatum:  Nares detectæ:  Unguis digiti postici arcuatus, digitumque longitudine non superans.   ** 1. LE BECFIGUE.  ...  FICEDULA.  ...   Ficis delectatur." (Brisson 1760); ex "Ficedula" of Gessner 1555, Aldrovandus 1599-1603, Jonston 1650-1653, Charleton 1668, Rzaczynski 1721, and Barrère 1745, "Ficedula quarta" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603, Willughby 1676, Ray 1713, and Linnaeus 1748, "Beccafico ordinario" of Olina 1622, "Curruca fusca" of Frisch 1733-1743, "Motacilla subfusca" of Linnaeus 1746, and "Sylvia rectricibus alarum macula alba" of Klein 1750; "Ficedula Brisson, 1760, Ornith., 3, p. 369.  Type, by tautonymy, Ficedula = Motacilla hypoleuca Pallas." (Watson in Peters, 1986, XI, p. 335).   
Synon. Briania, Charidhylas, Dammeria, Dendrobiastes, Digenea, Dimorpha, Erythromyias, Erythrosterna, Hedymela, Menetica, Muscicapella, Muscicapula, Muscicula, Nitidula, Ochromela, Oreicola, Poliomyias, Ripleyia, Ripleyornis, Siphia, Stoparola, Synornis, Takatsukasaia, Zanthopygia.
• (Muscicapidae; syn. Erithacus † European Robin E. rubecula) "49. Gattung. Ficedula.  129. rubecula   130. suecica   131. phoenicurus   132. thytis" (Boie 1822); "Ficedula Boie, 1822, Isis von Oken, col. 553.  Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 36), Motacilla rubecula Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021). 
• (Acrocephalidae; ?syn. Hippolais † Icterine Warbler H. icterina) "GENVS XXVIII.  FICEDVLA. Fliegenschnepper.  109. Ficedula Hippolais. La Fauvette.  ...  Mus. Schaeffer No. 241.  Briss. Av. III. 372. 2.  La Fauvette.  Linn. S. N. 12. 330. 7. Motacilla Hippolais" (Schaeffer 1789); "Ficedula Schaeffer, 1789, Mus. Ornith., p. 33.  Type, by monotypy, Motacilla hippolais Linnaeus, 1758 (has been variously identified, but generally considered unidentifiable)." (JAJ 2021).
• (Muscicapidae; syn. Phoenicurus † Common Redstart P. phoenicurus) "VI. Fam. Sylviadae. Vigors.   Ficedula Cuv.: Mot. phoenicurus Lin. u. a." (Boie 1826); "Ficedula "Cuvier" Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, col. 972.  Type, by monotypy, Motacilla phoenicurus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
• (Phylloscopidae; syn. Phylloscopus † Willow Warbler P. trochilus ) "XXXIII. Gattung.  Laubvogel.  Ficedula.  ...  Die zierlichen Vögelchen dieser Gattung sind Waldbewohner, die in ihrer äußern Gestalt sich den Nachtigallen nähern.  Sie haben zum Hüpfen gestaltete, lange, schwache Füße.  Drei Arten.   81. Grüner Laubvogel.  Ficedula Sybilatrix.  ...  Motacilla Trochilus. Gmel. Linn. S. I. p. 995. n. 49.   Sylvia Sybilatrix. Bechst. orn. T. p. 176.   ...   82. Gelbfüßiger Laubvogel.  Ficedula Fitis.  ...  Motacilla Trochilus var. β. Gmel. Linn. S. I. p. 996. n. 49.  Motacilla Acredula. Schrank f. b. B. I. p. 184. n. 153.  Sylvia Titis. Bechst. orn. T. p. 187.   ...   83. Braunfüßiger Laubvogel.  Ficedula rufa.  ...  Motacilla rufa. Gmel. Linn. S. I. p. 955. n. 63.  Motacilla Trochilus. Schrank f. b. B. I. p. 193.  Sylvia rufa. Bechst. orn. T. p. 188." (Koch 1816); "Ficedula Koch, 1816, System der baierischen Zoologie, I, p. 158.  Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1841, List Genera Birds, 2nd ed., p. xi), P. hippolais auct. = Motacilla trochilus Linnaeus, 1758" (JAJ 2021).
• (Parulidae; syn. Setophaga † Northern Parula S. americana) "619. COMPSOTHLYPIS, Cab. 1850.  ...  Ficedula, Des Murs, 1853.  (Parus americanus, Linn.)" (G. Gray 1855); "Ficedula "Des Murs" G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 39 (nec auct.).  Type, by original designation and monotypy, Parus americanus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
• (Parulidae; syn. Setophaga † Myrtle Warbler S. coronata) "617. DENDROICA, G. R. Gr. 1842.  Ficedula, Cuv. 1799-1800, nec Mœhr. 1752.  ...  (Sylvia coronata, Lath.)" (G. Gray 1855); "Ficedula "Cuvier" G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 39 (nec auct.).  Type, by original designation and monotypy, Sylvia coronata, Latham = Motacilla coronata Linnaeus, 1766." (JAJ 2021).
• (Sylviidae; syn. Sylvia † Eurasian Blackcap S. atricapilla) "The best and most appropriate name that has hitherto been applied to the fruit-eating birds, is the term Ficedula of Aldrovandus. The appellation Curruca (derived from the Latin word curro, to run), cannot with propriety be affixed to any genus of warblers, inasmuch as they all move forward by hopping; it would therefore, I think, be better to reject altogether the term Curruca, as objectionable and inappropriate, and consider the sylvan or fruit-warblers as constituting a genus Ficedula" (Blyth 1833); "Ficedula Blyth, 1833, Field Naturalist (ed. Rennie), I (7), p. 308.  New name for Curruca Bechstein, 1802, mistakenly considered derived from an inappropriate adjective (Curruca has a noun base)." (JAJ 2021).

ficedula
L. ficedula  small fig-eating bird that changed into the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla in winter.
● "99. MOTACILLA.  ...  Ficedula.  11. M. subfusca, subtus alba, pectore cinereo maculato. Fn. svec. 231.  Ficedula cannabina. Will. orn. 163.  Raj. av. 81. n. 12.  Alb. av. 3. p. 25. t. 26.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (unident.; ?syn. Muscicapa striata).

ERITHACUS
(Muscicapidae; Ϯ European Robin E. rubecula) L. erithacus  unknown small winter bird, perhaps the European Robin, that metamorphosed in the summer to another (perhaps a redstart)  < Gr. εριθακος erithakos  unknown small bird, perhaps the European Robin, the Common Redstart, or the Black Redstart; "Rouge-gorges . . .  Erithacus." (Cuvier 1800); “This generic name is first met with on the second table at the end of Cuvier’s Leçons d’Anat. Comp. 1800. It is founded on “Rouge-gorges,” a group-name in the plural. There can be little doubt that Cuvier intended to use the name for the Robin, and in a previous work (‘Tableau elementaire,’ 1798) by the same author there is a reference to the “Rouge-gorge (Motacilla rubecula).” It would perhaps be difficult to justify the use of the name under the strict application of the international rules, but it has had such a long and widespread currency that the Committee have decided to retain it in preference to Dandalus of Boie [1826] ...  which has been used by Hartert and others of late years” (BOU 1915); "Erithacus Cuvier, 1800, Leçons Anat. Comp., 1, tab. 2. Type, by monotypy, Motacilla Rubecula Linnaeus." (Ripley in Peters, 1964, X, p. 32).   
Var. Eritacus, Erythacus.   
Synon. Dandalus, Erythaca, Ficedula, Helminthophaga, Phaeca, Rhondella, Rubecula.

erithacus
● L. erithacus  unknown small bird  < Gr. εριθακος erithakos unknown small bird, perhaps the European Robin or Red-breast, the Common Redstart, or the Black Redstart (Ficedula, syn. Ficedula platenae, subsp. Liosceles thoracicus, syn. Phoenicurus phoenicurus, syn. Sittasomus sylviellus).
● Gr. εριθακος erithakos  this name also referred to a bird said to mimic human sounds, perhaps the Black Redstart, but here associated with the Grey Parrot, famed for being trained to utter human words; "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  erithacus.  20. P. brachyurus canus, temporibus albis, cauda coccinea. Mus. Ad. Fr. I. p. 14.  Psittacus cinereus s. subcæruleus. Aldr. ornith. l. 11. c. 10. Raj. av. 31. Alb. av. I. p. 12. t. 12. Frisch. av. 4. t. 51.  Habitat in Guinea." (Linnaeus 1758) (Psittacus).