Pinicola Enucleator Bird
Pinicola Enucleator Bird
English Name:
Latin Name:
Protonym: Loxia enucleator Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.171
Taxonomy: Passeriformes / Fringillidae / Pinicola
Taxonomy Code: pingro
Type Locality: Sweden.
Author: Linnaeus
Publish Year: 1758
IUCN Status: Least Concern
DEFINITIONS
PINICOLA
(Fringillidae; Ϯ Pine Grosbeak P. enucleator) L. pinus pine tree; -cola dweller < colere to dwell; "Habitat in Sveciæ summæ, Canadæ Pinetis, victitans strobilis; disseminator Pini" (Linnaeus 1758); "EXPLICATION DE LA PLANCHE PREMIÈRE. ... Nº 13. Bec du Pinicole rouge, Pinicola rubra, gros, conico-convexe, entier, crochu à la pointe de sa partie supérieure, et tronqué à l'extrémité de l'inférieure. Le bec de cet oiseau ayant une forme très-dissemblable à celui de la Loxie ou du Gros-bec, genre dans lequel les méthodistes l'ont placé, j'en ai fait le type d'un nouveau, décrit dans le tome III." (Vieillot 1808); "Pinicola Vieillot, 1808, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amér. Sept., 1, (1807), p. iv, pl. 1, fig. 13. Type, by monotypy, Pinicola rubra Vieillot = Loxia enucleator Linaneus." (Paynter in Peters 1968, XIV, 283).
Var. Pinciola.
Synon. Corythus, Densirostra, Enucleator, Strobilophaga.
pinicola / pinicolus
L. pinus pine-tree; -cola dweller < colere to inhabit.
enucleator
Mod. L. enucleator nut-cracker, kernel-remover (also a name for the Nutcracker Nucifraga (Valmont de Bomare 1800)) < L. enucleare to remove the kernel < e- out; nucleus kernel (cf. Med. L. enucleator, enucleatoris elucidator); "96. LOXIA. ... Enucleator. 3. L. linea alarum duplici alba, rectricibus totis nigricantibus. Fn. svec. 176. Rubicilla maxima canadensis. Edw. av. 123. t. 123. 124. Habitat in Sveciae summae, Canadae Pinetis, victitans strobilis; disseminator Pini. Noctu egregie canorus; migrat hyeme ad australes Sveciæ provincias, Upsaliam transit fine octobris. Junior ruber, Senior flavus.” (Linnaeus 1758) (Pinicola).
Enucleator
(Fringillidae; syn. Pinicola † Pine Grosbeak P. enucleator) Doubtless an error from specific name Loxia enucleator Linnaeus, 1758; "1) Der europäische Hakengimpel. Corythus enucleator, Cuv. (Loxia enucleator, Linn.) ... Etwas kleiner und schmalschnäbliger ist er Enucleator angustirostris, noch kleiner, mit sehr kleinem Schnabel Enucl. minor, Brm" (Brehm 1855); "Enucleator Brehm, Vollst. Vogelfang, p. 89, 1866—new name for Corythus Cuvier." (Hellmayr, 1938, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. XI, p. 256).
SUBSPECIES
Pine Grosbeak (Eurasian)
Latin Name: Pinicola enucleator [enucleator Group]
PINICOLA
(Fringillidae; Ϯ Pine Grosbeak P. enucleator) L. pinus pine tree; -cola dweller < colere to dwell; "Habitat in Sveciæ summæ, Canadæ Pinetis, victitans strobilis; disseminator Pini" (Linnaeus 1758); "EXPLICATION DE LA PLANCHE PREMIÈRE. ... Nº 13. Bec du Pinicole rouge, Pinicola rubra, gros, conico-convexe, entier, crochu à la pointe de sa partie supérieure, et tronqué à l'extrémité de l'inférieure. Le bec de cet oiseau ayant une forme très-dissemblable à celui de la Loxie ou du Gros-bec, genre dans lequel les méthodistes l'ont placé, j'en ai fait le type d'un nouveau, décrit dans le tome III." (Vieillot 1808); "Pinicola Vieillot, 1808, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amér. Sept., 1, (1807), p. iv, pl. 1, fig. 13. Type, by monotypy, Pinicola rubra Vieillot = Loxia enucleator Linaneus." (Paynter in Peters 1968, XIV, 283).
Var. Pinciola.
Synon. Corythus, Densirostra, Enucleator, Strobilophaga.
Pine Grosbeak (Pacific Northwest)
Latin Name: Pinicola enucleator flammula
flammula
L. flammula little flame < dim. flamma flame < flagrare to burn (e.g. flammulated, with flame-like markings, ruddy) (cf. Late L. flammula red standard or banner).
Pine Grosbeak (Queen Charlotte)
Latin Name: Pinicola enucleator carlottae
carlottae
Queen Charlotte Is., British Columbia, Canada.
Pine Grosbeak (Rocky Mts.)
Latin Name: Pinicola enucleator montana
montana
L. montanus of the mountains, mountain-, mountaineer < mons, montis mountain.
● ex “Lesser Pied Mountain Finch” or “Brambling” of Willughby 1676, and Morton 1712, and “Mountain Bunting” of Latham 1783 (syn. Fringilla montifringilla).
● Jamaica; ex “Mountain Partridge” of Sloane 1725, and “Columba minor fulva” of Edwards 1751 (Geotrygon).
● Namaqualand; ex “Traquet Montagnard” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 184, fig. 2 (syn. Oenanthe monticola).
● ex “Perdrix de montagne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 136 (syn. Perdix perdix).
● Montana, USA (subsp. Pinicola enucleator).
● ex “Mountain Owl” of Latham 1787 (syn. Strix nebulosa).
● ex “Berg-gans” of Kolbe 1719, and “Mountain Goose” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Tadorna cana).
Pine Grosbeak (California)
Latin Name: Pinicola enucleator californica
californiana / californianus / californica
California < myth. Queen Calafia, who ruled an island paradise rich in gold and peopled by Amazons, created (c. 1500) by Spanish novelist Rodriguez de Montalvo.
● Alta California, Mexico (Aphelocoma, Geococcyx).
● California, USA (syn. Buteo regalis).
● Alta California, New Spain (Callipepla, Gymnogyps).
Pine Grosbeak (Taiga)
Latin Name: Pinicola enucleator leucura
leucura
Gr. λευκουρος leukouros white-tailed < λευκος leukos white; -ουρος -ouros -tailed < ουρα oura tail.
● (J. Gmelin 1789) ex “White-tailed Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (syn. Myiomela leucura).
● ex “White-tailed Thrush” of Latham 1783 (Oenanthe).
● ex “Gros-bec du Canada” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 135, fig. 1 (subsp. Pinicola enucleator).
● ex “Black Sandpiper” of Pennant 1768, and Latham 1787 (syn. Tringa ochropus).
UPPERCASE: current genus
Uppercase first letter: generic synonym
● and ● See: generic homonyms
lowercase: species and subspecies
●: early names, variants, mispellings
‡: extinct
†: type species
Gr.: ancient Greek
L.: Latin
<: derived from
syn: synonym of
/: separates historical and modern geographic names
ex: based on
TL: type locality
OD: original diagnosis (genus) or original description (species)