Tricholestes Criniger Bird

English Name:  Hairy-backed Bulbul
Latin Name:  Tricholestes criniger
Protonym:  Br[achypodius] ? criniger J.Asiat.Soc.Bengal 14 p.577
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Pycnonotidae / Tricholestes
Taxonomy Code:  habbul1
Type Locality:  Malacca.
Author:  Blyth
Publish Year:  1845
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

TRICHOLESTES
(Pycnonotidae; Ϯ Hairy-backed Bulbul T. criniger) Gr. θριξ thrix, τριχος trikhos  hair; λῃστης lēistēs  robber (i.e. shrike-billed)  < λῃστευω lēisteuō  to rob; "Gen. nov. Tricholestes, SALVAD.  θριξ, setola; ληστης, ladrone.  Novum genus generi Trichophoropsi affine, sed rostrum culmine, apicem versus, paullulo incurvato, basi, ratione habita, latiori, apice minus uncinato.   Sp. 215. (138).  Tricholestes minutus (HARTL.)   ...   Questa specie si allontana notevolmente del tipo del genere Trichophoropsis avendo il becco più debole, proporzionatamente meno compresso, e, come ha fatto osservare Lord Walden, simile alquanto al becco delle Alcippe; ho creduto perciò di doverne fare il tipo di un nuovo genere." (Salvadori 1874); "The genus Tricholestes is remarkable for the numerous long hairs which spring from the back.  These hairs lie close to the feathers, and are not distinctly visible till lifted up.  In Tricholestes the bill is very strong for the size of the bird.  ...  the tip of the upper mandible is strongly hooked and notched; the frontal and rictal bristles are long." (Oates 1889); "60. Tricholestes criniger   ...   Proposed races minutus, xanthogenys and fulvicauda are synonyms of nominate." (del Hoyo & Collar, 2016, 466).
Synon. Myiosobus.

CRINIGER
(Pycnonotidae; † Western Bearded Greenbul C. barbatus) L. criniger  long-haired  < crinis  hair; -gera  -carrying  < gerere  to carry; "12. CRINON, Criniger.  (Temm.)  —  Caract. Bec court, fort, longicone, comprimé à la pointe, un peu élargi à la base; mandibule supérieure fléchie vers la pointe qui est un peu échancrée; base du bec garnie de très-fortes et longues soies   ...   Formé de cinq espèces nouvelles qui n'ont point de type parmi celles connue; toutes sont des côtes occidentales d'Afrique; plusieurs ont un bouquet de crins à la nuque" (Temminck 1820); "The genus Criniger may be known from all the other Bulbuls by the presence of a long pointed crest and numerous very long hairs springing from the nape or hind neck.  ...  the rictal bristles are well-developed" (Oates 1889); "Criniger Temminck, 1820, Man. d'Orn., éd. 2, pt. 1, p. lx.  Type, by subsequent designation, Criniger barbatus Temminck. (Idem, 1821, Pl. col., livr. 15, cover, and 1822, ibid., livr. 15, pl. 88.)" (Rand in Peters, 1960, IX, p. 275).  Temminck later rejected the name Criniger in favour of Trichophorus, but no name, once created, can be arbitrarily rejected, even by the original author (see Trichophorus).
Var. Griniger.
Synon. Cometes, Hypotrichas, Trichas, Trichophorus.
• (Dicruridae; syn. Dicrurus † Hair-crested Drongo D. hottentottus) "14. CRINIGER SPLENDENS, T.  (Irena Puella,? Horsf.  Edolius? of Natterer.)   The bill totally dissimilar to the Drongo, with which Irena and Edolius are grouped.  It is long, hooked equally in both mandibles, nostrils denuded, and more like the bill of the Chough than any other bird.  The chief peculiarity of the bird is a crest, composed of long recumbent hairs, which ride from the head and fall back on the shoulders.  The tail is long, slightly forked; the ends of the outer feathers turned up, in the shape of a scoop.  In other respects it resembles the Drongo." (Tickell 1833); "Criniger Tickell, 1833, Journal Asiatic Soc. Bengal, II (23), p. 574 (not of Temminck, 1820).  Type, by monotypy, Criniger splendens Tickell, 1833 = Corvus hottentottus Linnaeus, 1766." (JAJ 2021).

criniger / crinigera
L. criniger  long-haired  < crinis  hair; -gera  -carrying  < gerere  to carry.
● ex “Péristère crinigère” of Hombron & Jacquinot 1845 (Gallicolumba).

SUBSPECIES

Hairy-backed Bulbul (criniger)
Latin Name: Tricholestes criniger criniger
CRINIGER
(Pycnonotidae; † Western Bearded Greenbul C. barbatus) L. criniger  long-haired  < crinis  hair; -gera  -carrying  < gerere  to carry; "12. CRINON, Criniger.  (Temm.)  —  Caract. Bec court, fort, longicone, comprimé à la pointe, un peu élargi à la base; mandibule supérieure fléchie vers la pointe qui est un peu échancrée; base du bec garnie de très-fortes et longues soies   ...   Formé de cinq espèces nouvelles qui n'ont point de type parmi celles connue; toutes sont des côtes occidentales d'Afrique; plusieurs ont un bouquet de crins à la nuque" (Temminck 1820); "The genus Criniger may be known from all the other Bulbuls by the presence of a long pointed crest and numerous very long hairs springing from the nape or hind neck.  ...  the rictal bristles are well-developed" (Oates 1889); "Criniger Temminck, 1820, Man. d'Orn., éd. 2, pt. 1, p. lx.  Type, by subsequent designation, Criniger barbatus Temminck. (Idem, 1821, Pl. col., livr. 15, cover, and 1822, ibid., livr. 15, pl. 88.)" (Rand in Peters, 1960, IX, p. 275).  Temminck later rejected the name Criniger in favour of Trichophorus, but no name, once created, can be arbitrarily rejected, even by the original author (see Trichophorus).
Var. Griniger.
Synon. Cometes, Hypotrichas, Trichas, Trichophorus.
• (Dicruridae; syn. Dicrurus † Hair-crested Drongo D. hottentottus) "14. CRINIGER SPLENDENS, T.  (Irena Puella,? Horsf.  Edolius? of Natterer.)   The bill totally dissimilar to the Drongo, with which Irena and Edolius are grouped.  It is long, hooked equally in both mandibles, nostrils denuded, and more like the bill of the Chough than any other bird.  The chief peculiarity of the bird is a crest, composed of long recumbent hairs, which ride from the head and fall back on the shoulders.  The tail is long, slightly forked; the ends of the outer feathers turned up, in the shape of a scoop.  In other respects it resembles the Drongo." (Tickell 1833); "Criniger Tickell, 1833, Journal Asiatic Soc. Bengal, II (23), p. 574 (not of Temminck, 1820).  Type, by monotypy, Criniger splendens Tickell, 1833 = Corvus hottentottus Linnaeus, 1766." (JAJ 2021).

Hairy-backed Bulbul (sericeus)
Latin Name: Tricholestes criniger sericeus
sericeus
Med. L. sericeus  silken.
● ex “Silk Starling” of Brown 1776, and “Silk Stare” of Latham 1783 (Spodiopsar).

Hairy-backed Bulbul (viridis)
Latin Name: Tricholestes criniger viridis
viridis
L. viridis  green  < virere  to be green.
● ex “Merle olive des grandes Indes” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 564, fig. 1 (syn. Acritillas indica).
● ex “Green Grakle” of Latham 1801 (syn. Ailuroedus crassirostris).
● ex “Porphyrio viridis” of Brisson 1760, “Poule-Sultane verte” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Green Gallinule” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Amaurornis akool).
● ex “Meunier de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 861 (syn. Amazona farinosa).
● ex “Grande pie-grièche verdâtre de Madagascar” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 374, and “Tcha-chert-bé” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Artamella).
● ex “Olivert” of Levaillant 1803, pl. 125 (syn. Camaroptera brachyura).
● ex “Coucou verd d’Antigue” of Sonnerat 1776 (Centropus).
● ex “Tourterelle de Java” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 177 (syn. Chalcophaps indica).
● ex “Grimpereau verd de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 682, fig. 1 (= ♀) (syn. Chlorophanes spiza).
● ex “Grimpereau verd du cap de Bonne Espérance” of Sonnerat 1782 (syn. Cinnyris afer).
● ex “Habia verde” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 89 (Cyclarhis).
● ex “Yellow-brested Chat” of Catesby 1731, “Merula viridis carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Merle vert de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Chattering Fly-catcher” of Latham 17783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Icteria virens).
● ex “Icterus minor viridis” of Brisson 1760, “Troupiale de Saint Domingue” or “Siffleur” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 236, fig. 1, and “Whistler-Oriole” of Latham 1782 (?syn. Icterus galbula).
● ex “Yellow-throated Oriole” (= ☼) of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Icterus galbula (see below)).
● ex “Gallinula brasiliensis” or “Jacana” of Willughby 1676 and Ray 1713, “Jacana” of Brisson 1760, “Jacana vert” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Green Jacana” of Latham 1785 (syn. Jacana spinosa).
● ex “Green Shrike” of Latham 1781 (syn. Leptopterus chabert).
● ex “Blue-green Paradise-bird” of Latham 1783 (syn. Manucodia chalybata).
● "57. MEROPS.  ...  viridis.  2. M. dorso ferrugineo, abdomine alisque viridibus, gula caudaque cæruleis.  Ispida viridis, supra ferruginea. Osb. iter. 96.  Merops viridis, supra ferruginea. Chin. lagerstr. 5.  Merops benghalensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 29. t. 30.  Merops minor, caudæ 2. pennis longioribus & tenuioribus. Edw. av. 183. t. 183.  Habitat in Java, Benghala." (Linnaeus 1758) (Merops).
● ex “Green Grakle” of Latham 1801 (syn. Oriolus sagittatus).
● ex “Caracterizado verde y corona negra” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 210 (Pachyramphus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  viridis.  7. P. viridis, vertice coccineo. Fn. svec. 80.  Picus viridis. Gesn. av. 710. Aldr. ornith. l. 12. c. 34. Will. ornith. 93. t. 21. Raj. av. 42. Alb. av. I. p. 18. t. 18. Frisch. av. . . t. 35. f. 1.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Picus).
● ex “Courly d’Italie” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 819, and “Courlis vert” of de Buffon 1770-1786 (syn. Plegadis falcinellus).
● ex “Jacana” of Marcgrave 1648, and “Petite Poule-Sultane” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Porphyrula martinica).
● ex “Cassique vert de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 328 (Psarocolius).
● ex “Yellow-throated Oriole” of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Pseudoleistes guirahuro (see above)).
● ex "Barbu de Mahé" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 870, "Barbu vert" of de Buffon 1770-1786, and "Green Barbet" of Latham 1782 (Psilopogon).
● "46. RAMPHASTOS.  ...  viridis.  1. R. viridis, abdomine flavo, uropygio rubro.  Tucana cajanensis viridis. Briss. av. 4. p. 423. t. 33. f. i.  Tucan pectore flavo. Edw. av. 253. t. 329.  Habitat in Cayana.." (Linnaeus 1766) (Pteroglossus).
● "104. COLUMBA.  ...  viridis.  23. C. ænea, corpore subtus purpuro-violaceo. Briss. av. 1. p. 152. t. 15. f. 2.  Habitat in Amboina.  Pedes rubent plumis semitecti. Br. Rostrum rubrum." (Linnaeus 1766) (Ptilinopus).
● ex “Malkoha Rouverdin” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 225 (syn. Rhamphococcyx curvirostris).
● ex “Green Partridge” of Latham 1783 (syn. Rollulus rouloul).
● ex “Râle de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 368; “The oldest name for this species is undoubtedly viridis of P. L. S. Müller, but I do not adopt it, as there is nothing green about the plumage of the bird” (Sharpe 1894) (to be fair to Statius Müller the plate by d’Aubenton does show a dark-olive-backed bird) (Rufirallus).
● ex "Pie-grièche Perrin" of Levaillant 1808: "Nous devons la connaissance de cette belle pie-grièche à M. Perrin, de Bordeaux" (Telophorus).
● ex “Gobe-mouche hupé du Sénégal” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 573, fig. 2 (Terpsiphone).
● ex “Hirondelle verte” of Temminck 1807 (Tersina).
● ex “Todier de Saint-Domingue” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 585, fig. 2 (syn. Todus subulatus).
● "61. TODUS.  ...  viridis.  1. T. viridis, pectore rubro.  Todus viridis, pectore rubra, rostro recto. Brown. jam. 476. Briss. av. 4. p. 528. t. 41. f. 2.  Rubecula viridis elegantissima. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 306. t.263. f. 1. Raj. av. 187. Edw. av. 121. t. 121.  Habitat in America.  Cauda rotundata." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Todus todus).
● "55. TROGON.  ...  viridis.  3. T. viridi aureus, subtus luteus, gula nigra.  Trogon cayanensis viridis. Briss. av. 4. p. 168. t. 17. f. 1.  β. Trogon cayanensis viridis, ventre candido. Briss. av. 4. p. 170.  Habitat in Cayania.  Fascia pectoralis viridi-aurea. An præcedentis varietas aut sexus?  Rectrices in hoc genere XII." (Linnaeus 1766) (Trogon).
● ex “Green-winged Hornbill” of Latham 1787 (unident.; but not a hornbill Bucerotidae).
● ex “Green Coly” of Latham 1787 (unident.; but probably not a mousebird Coliidae).
● ex “Green Wagtail” of Brown 1776 and Latham 1783 (unident.).
● ex “Green Thrush” of Latham 1783 (unident.).