Cepphus Columba Bird

English Name:  Pigeon Guillemot
Latin Name:  Cepphus columba
Protonym:  Cepphus Columba Zoogr.Rosso-Asiat. 2 p.348
Taxonomy:  Charadriiformes / Alcidae / Cepphus
Taxonomy Code:  piggui
Type Locality:  Kamchatka and Bering Straits.
Author:  Pallas
Publish Year:  1811
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CEPPHUS
(Alcidae; Ϯ Black Guillemot C. grylle) Gr. κεπφος kepphos  unknown pale waterbird, later variously identified (e.g. storm-petrel, gull, gannet, auk), mentioned by Aristotle, Dionysius, Hesychius, and others; "CEPPHVS LACTEOLUS.   Avibus aquaticis novis jure infero avem nullibi apud Ornithologos memoratam, mihique semel omnino visam, marinam, ex earum genere, quas omnium primus, a Colymbis (rostro nimium similibus, sed defectu caudae et structura singulari pedum diversissimis) optimo jure distinxit MOEHRINGIVS, Cepphos appellans; quas dein BRISSONIVS in duo genera, tridactylum Uriae, et digito postico minuto praeditum Mergi minutiose dispescuit; KLEINIVS vero inter Plautos et Plotos suos atque inter Colymbos LINNAEVS recensuerunt.  ...  Magnitudo querquedulae seu Cepphi Grylle dicti, adeoque longe infra C. Lomviam." (Pallas 1769); "Cepphus Pallas, Spic. Zool., 1, fasc. 5, 1769, p. 33. Type, by monotypy, Cepphus lacteolus Pallas = Alca grylle Linné." (Peters 1934, II, 353).
Var. Chephus, Cephus.
Synon. Grylle, Plautus, Pseuduria, Uria.
● (Gaviidae; syn. Gavia Ϯ Black-throated Diver G. arctica) "76. CEPPHUS.*  Colymbi species. LINN. ed. 6. gen. 51.  Colymbi caudati. WILL. & RAI.   Des. Rostrum subulatum, rectum.  Mandibula inferior ad gutturis principium obiter angulosa: angulo obiter sulcato.  Nares lineari-oblongæ.  Cauda brevissima.  Femora intra abdomen, pone æquilibrium ad podicem posita, ut perpendiculari fere corpore incedere cogatur.  Digiti antici tres, membrana intermedia toti cohærentes: posticus solutus, adpendice membranaceo auctus." (Moehring 1752); "WITTE ZEE-MEEUW, in 't Latyn Cepphus.  LINNÆUS. Syst. Nat. gesl. 51 [Colymbus].  Gestaarte Duikeren van WILLUGHBY & RAY" (Moehring 1758).
● (Scopidae; syn. Scopus Ϯ Hamerkop S. umbretta) "GENUS CEPPHUS.*  ... *) Kεπφος Arat.  Avis quaedam palustris, ex ardeae (?) genere. (Nomen a cl. Pallasio pro genere Uria Brissonii et auctorum adhibitum.) Scopus (nomen solum specificum) Briss., Gmel., Lath., Cuv., Lacép., Illig., Vieill., Temm.  ... 1. C. Scopus.  ... Scopus Briss. Ornith. 5. p. 505. (Descript. opt.) Ombrette du Senegal Buff. pl. enl. n. 796. (Fig. mediocr.) Scopus Umbretta Auctor. Lath. Synops. 5. t. 40 (fig. inaccurata)" (Wagler 1827); "Cepphus Wagler, 1827, Systema Avium, p. [145].  Type, by monotypy, Scopus umbretta auct., i.e. Gmelin, 1789." (JAJ 2021).

cepphus
Gr. κεπφος kepphos  pale unknown waterbird, later variously identified (syn. Stercorarius parasiticus).

COLUMBA
(Columbidae; Ϯ Stock Dove C. oenas) L. columba  pigeon; "92. COLUMBA.  Rostrum rectum, versus apicem descendens.  Nares oblongæ, membrana molli tumida semitectæ.  Lingua integra.  ... Columbas ad Passeres nec ad Gallinas pertinere, docet monogamia, osculatio, incubatus alternus, nutritio pulli, Ova pauca, nidificatio, locus in altis." (Linnaeus 1758); "Columba Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 162. Type, by subsequent designation, Columba oenas Linné. (Vigors, 1825.)" (Peters, 1937, III, p. 56). Linnaeus's Columba comprised twenty-two species (C. Oenas, C. gutturosa, C. cucullata, C. Turbita, C. tremula, C. tabellaria, C. montana, C. asiatica, C. guinea, C. hispanica, C. Palumbus, C. cyanocephala, C. leucocephala, C. leucoptera, C. nicobarica, C. macroura, C. sinica, C. indica, C. hispida, C. Turtur, C. risoria, C. passerina).
Var. Culumba, Collumba, Columbus, Colomba, Columra, Coulmba.
Synon. Alsocomus, Amauroenas, Coelotreron, Dendrotreron, Dialiptila, Janthoenas, Leucoenas, Leucomeloena, Leucotaenia, Lithoenas, Livia, Palumbis, Palumboena, Palumbus, Peleioenas, Raperia, Stictoenas, Sylvicola, Taenioenas, Trocaza, Tryzusa, Turturoena.

columba
● Icelandic Klumba auk; “Columba groenlandica Auctorum” (Pallas 1811) (“The Greenland Dove or Sea-Turtle; Columba Groenlandica” described by Ray 1713, is the Black Guillemot C. grylle; “Why they call it a Dove or Turtle I cannot certainly tell. It is indeed about the bigness of a Turtle, and lays (they say) two Eggs at once like them, and possibly there may be some agreement in their voice or note”) (Cepphus).
● L. columba  pigeon; "Fulmarus glacialis columba, subsp. nov.  PIGEON FULMAR.  ...  General plumage white.  Mantle pearly gray, rather darker than light phase of glupischa in my collection." (Anthony 1895) (syn. Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii).

Colymbus
Gr. κολυμβις kolumbis, κολυμβιδος kolumbidos  unknown water-bird, probably a grebe.
• (Gaviidae; syn. Gavia † Black-throated Diver G. arctica) "68. COLYMBUS.  Rostrum edentulum, subulatum, rectum, acuminatum.  Pedes pone æquilibrium. ...  Colymbi nequeunt incedere, et citissime super aquam currunt, & egregie urinantor." (Linnaeus 1758). “The question of the type of this Linnean genus is a serious one, and has caused a considerable discrepancy between the British and the American current nomenclature. In this country Colymbus is almost universally used for the Loons or Divers, in America for the Grebes [cf. "COLYMBUS, rostrum subulatum lateribus compressiusculum. Pedes lobati, Tibiæ postice carinato-serratæ" (J. R. Forster 1788)]. Linnaeus’ original genus contains four species - arcticus (Black-throated Diver), cristatus (Great Crested Grebe), auritus (Slavonian Grebe), and podiceps (American Pied-billed Grebe). Linnaeus does not designate any type, nor does an examination of his descriptions and synonymy throw any light on his intentions. The American argument is that Brisson in 1760 used Colymbus for the Grebes and Mergus for the Loons, and is thus the first reviser of the genus; but, in the first place, Brisson was not a binomialist, nor did he recognise or quote from Linnaeus’ work. He adopted the genus Colymbus from Moehring, not from Linnaeus, and in no sense can he be called a reviser of Linnaeus. On the other hand, Latham (Gen. Synopsis, Suppl. i. 1787, pp. 294, 295) very definitely adopted Linnaeus’ genus Colymbus for the Divers, and proposed Podiceps for the Grebes. A reference to the British Mus. Catalogue will show that up to 1882, when Stejneger (Proc. U.S. National Mus. v. 1882, p. 42) proposed to use Urinator for the Divers, the genus Colymbus had been almost universally applied to these birds. The Committee hope that the Check-List Committee of the A.O.U. will see their way to return to the older and, as they believe, to the correct usage of the genus Colymbus in the near future.” (BOU 1915). “Hope springs eternal in the human breast,” Colymbus Linnaeus, 1758, was suppressed by the ICZN in 1956 (see Gavia and Podiceps).
Var. Colymbas (Gr. myth. Colymbas was one of the Pierides, who, having failed to best the Muses in a singing contest, was transformed into a waterbird), Columbus, Colimbus.
• (Podicipedidae; syn. Podiceps † Great Crested Grebe P. cristatus) "Colymbus, Brisson, Ornith. vol. i. p. 50, vol. vi. p. 33, 1760.  Type (by tautonymy and subsequent designation, Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. Vög. p. iii, 1852 (1853): Columbus cristatus Brisson = C. cristatus L." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral. I, p. 103) (see above).

SUBSPECIES

Pigeon Guillemot (snowi)
Latin Name: Cepphus columba snowi
snowi
● Capt. Henry James Snow (1848-1915) British seaman and hunter (subsp. Cepphus columba).
● Dr David William Snow (1924-2009) English ornithologist (Myrmotherula, subsp. Sittiparus semilarvatus).

Pigeon Guillemot (columba Group)
Latin Name: Cepphus columba [columba Group]
CEPPHUS
(Alcidae; Ϯ Black Guillemot C. grylle) Gr. κεπφος kepphos  unknown pale waterbird, later variously identified (e.g. storm-petrel, gull, gannet, auk), mentioned by Aristotle, Dionysius, Hesychius, and others; "CEPPHVS LACTEOLUS.   Avibus aquaticis novis jure infero avem nullibi apud Ornithologos memoratam, mihique semel omnino visam, marinam, ex earum genere, quas omnium primus, a Colymbis (rostro nimium similibus, sed defectu caudae et structura singulari pedum diversissimis) optimo jure distinxit MOEHRINGIVS, Cepphos appellans; quas dein BRISSONIVS in duo genera, tridactylum Uriae, et digito postico minuto praeditum Mergi minutiose dispescuit; KLEINIVS vero inter Plautos et Plotos suos atque inter Colymbos LINNAEVS recensuerunt.  ...  Magnitudo querquedulae seu Cepphi Grylle dicti, adeoque longe infra C. Lomviam." (Pallas 1769); "Cepphus Pallas, Spic. Zool., 1, fasc. 5, 1769, p. 33. Type, by monotypy, Cepphus lacteolus Pallas = Alca grylle Linné." (Peters 1934, II, 353).
Var. Chephus, Cephus.
Synon. Grylle, Plautus, Pseuduria, Uria.
● (Gaviidae; syn. Gavia Ϯ Black-throated Diver G. arctica) "76. CEPPHUS.*  Colymbi species. LINN. ed. 6. gen. 51.  Colymbi caudati. WILL. & RAI.   Des. Rostrum subulatum, rectum.  Mandibula inferior ad gutturis principium obiter angulosa: angulo obiter sulcato.  Nares lineari-oblongæ.  Cauda brevissima.  Femora intra abdomen, pone æquilibrium ad podicem posita, ut perpendiculari fere corpore incedere cogatur.  Digiti antici tres, membrana intermedia toti cohærentes: posticus solutus, adpendice membranaceo auctus." (Moehring 1752); "WITTE ZEE-MEEUW, in 't Latyn Cepphus.  LINNÆUS. Syst. Nat. gesl. 51 [Colymbus].  Gestaarte Duikeren van WILLUGHBY & RAY" (Moehring 1758).
● (Scopidae; syn. Scopus Ϯ Hamerkop S. umbretta) "GENUS CEPPHUS.*  ... *) Kεπφος Arat.  Avis quaedam palustris, ex ardeae (?) genere. (Nomen a cl. Pallasio pro genere Uria Brissonii et auctorum adhibitum.) Scopus (nomen solum specificum) Briss., Gmel., Lath., Cuv., Lacép., Illig., Vieill., Temm.  ... 1. C. Scopus.  ... Scopus Briss. Ornith. 5. p. 505. (Descript. opt.) Ombrette du Senegal Buff. pl. enl. n. 796. (Fig. mediocr.) Scopus Umbretta Auctor. Lath. Synops. 5. t. 40 (fig. inaccurata)" (Wagler 1827); "Cepphus Wagler, 1827, Systema Avium, p. [145].  Type, by monotypy, Scopus umbretta auct., i.e. Gmelin, 1789." (JAJ 2021).