Fringilla Coelebs Bird

English Name:  Common Chaffinch
Latin Name:  Fringilla coelebs
Protonym:  Fringilla coelebs Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.179
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Fringillidae / Fringilla
Taxonomy Code:  comcha
Type Locality:  Sweden.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

FRINGILLA
(Fringillidae; Ϯ Common Chaffinch F. coelebs) L. fringilla (also frigilia, fringuilla, fringillus, fringuillus, frenguillus, fringuellus, fringuillo)  finch, subsequently associated with the Chaffinch; "98. FRINGILLA.  Rostrum conicum, rectum, acutum." (Linnaeus 1758); "Fringilla Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 179. Type, by tautonymy, "Fringilla" = Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus." (Mayr in Peters, 1968, XIV, p. 203). Linnaeus's Fringilla comprised thirty-one  species (F. oryzivora, F. cœlebs, F. Montifringilla, F. lulensis, F. lapponica, F. sylvatica, F. melancholica, F. erythrophthalma, F. Carduelis, F. Melba, F. Amandava, F. Gyrola, F. rubra, F. tristis, F. Zena, F. brasiliana, F. butyracea, F. Canaria, F. Spinus, F. flammea, F. flavirostris, F. cannabina, F. Linaria, F. angolensis, F. violacea, F. Schœniclus, F. domestica, F. montana, F. chinensis, F. hyemalis, F. Zena). Modern research suggests that some of the southern and insular subspecies of the Common Chaffinch may be entitled to specific rank, e.g. canariensis, spodiogenys, moreletti.
Var. Frangilla, Fringuilla, Fringille, Frlngilla. 
Synon. Coelebs, Hortulanus, Spermologa, Spiza, Struthus.

coelebs
• L. caelebs, caelibis  unmarried, single; here, and elsewhere in nomenclature, the ligatures æ and œ were regarded, albeit incorrectly, as interchangeable; Linnaeus, 1757, remarked that hen Chaffinches wintered south to Holland, leaving the cocks to lead a bachelor existence; "98. FRINGILLA.  ...  cœlebs.  2. F. artubus nigris, remigibus utrinque albis: tribus primis immaculatis, rectricibus duabus oblique albis. Fn. svec. 199. t. 2. f. 199.  Fringilla. Gesn. av. 387. Aldr. orn. l. 18. c. 6. Will. orn. 186. t. 45. f. 4. Raj. av. 88. Alb. av. I. p. 60. t. 63. Frisch. av. . . t. 1. f. 1. 2. Olin. av. 31.  Habitat in Europa.  Femina sola migrat per Belgium in Italiam. Mas capite pileato, vere mutato sono æstatem annunciat." (Linnaeus 1758) (Fringilla).
• "The third important item is the proposition of Motacilla cœlebs for the Bastardnachtigall.  If this be the same bird as called by that name by Brehm and Hartert, it will come into use, as at present Hartert uses Hippolais icterina (Vieillot 1817) for the species, and the name would become Hippolais cœlebs (Frenzel 1801).  The title of the book reads Beschreibung der Vögel und ihrer Eyer in der Gegend um Wittenberg zur Naturgeschichte des Churkreises (by) Lic. Med. J. S. T. Frenzel, Wittenberg, 1801." (Mathews and Iredale, 1920, Austral Avian Record, IV, p. 131) (syn. Hippolais icterina).

Coelebs
(Fringillidae; syn. Fringilla † Common Chaffinch F. coelebs) Specific name Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758; "Fringillae. . . .{Pinsons. . . .Cœlebs." (Cuvier 1800); "Coelebs Cuvier, 1800, Leçons d'anatomie comparée, I, Second Tableau, Classif. Oiseaux.  Type, by tautonymy, Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Caelebs.

SUBSPECIES

Common Chaffinch (Common)
Latin Name: Fringilla coelebs [coelebs Group]
FRINGILLA
(Fringillidae; Ϯ Common Chaffinch F. coelebs) L. fringilla (also frigilia, fringuilla, fringillus, fringuillus, frenguillus, fringuellus, fringuillo)  finch, subsequently associated with the Chaffinch; "98. FRINGILLA.  Rostrum conicum, rectum, acutum." (Linnaeus 1758); "Fringilla Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 179. Type, by tautonymy, "Fringilla" = Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus." (Mayr in Peters, 1968, XIV, p. 203). Linnaeus's Fringilla comprised thirty-one  species (F. oryzivora, F. cœlebs, F. Montifringilla, F. lulensis, F. lapponica, F. sylvatica, F. melancholica, F. erythrophthalma, F. Carduelis, F. Melba, F. Amandava, F. Gyrola, F. rubra, F. tristis, F. Zena, F. brasiliana, F. butyracea, F. Canaria, F. Spinus, F. flammea, F. flavirostris, F. cannabina, F. Linaria, F. angolensis, F. violacea, F. Schœniclus, F. domestica, F. montana, F. chinensis, F. hyemalis, F. Zena). Modern research suggests that some of the southern and insular subspecies of the Common Chaffinch may be entitled to specific rank, e.g. canariensis, spodiogenys, moreletti.
Var. Frangilla, Fringuilla, Fringille, Frlngilla. 
Synon. Coelebs, Hortulanus, Spermologa, Spiza, Struthus.

Common Chaffinch (Azores/Madeira)
Latin Name: Fringilla coelebs moreletti/maderensis
FRINGILLA
(Fringillidae; Ϯ Common Chaffinch F. coelebs) L. fringilla (also frigilia, fringuilla, fringillus, fringuillus, frenguillus, fringuellus, fringuillo)  finch, subsequently associated with the Chaffinch; "98. FRINGILLA.  Rostrum conicum, rectum, acutum." (Linnaeus 1758); "Fringilla Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 179. Type, by tautonymy, "Fringilla" = Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus." (Mayr in Peters, 1968, XIV, p. 203). Linnaeus's Fringilla comprised thirty-one  species (F. oryzivora, F. cœlebs, F. Montifringilla, F. lulensis, F. lapponica, F. sylvatica, F. melancholica, F. erythrophthalma, F. Carduelis, F. Melba, F. Amandava, F. Gyrola, F. rubra, F. tristis, F. Zena, F. brasiliana, F. butyracea, F. Canaria, F. Spinus, F. flammea, F. flavirostris, F. cannabina, F. Linaria, F. angolensis, F. violacea, F. Schœniclus, F. domestica, F. montana, F. chinensis, F. hyemalis, F. Zena). Modern research suggests that some of the southern and insular subspecies of the Common Chaffinch may be entitled to specific rank, e.g. canariensis, spodiogenys, moreletti.
Var. Frangilla, Fringuilla, Fringille, Frlngilla. 
Synon. Coelebs, Hortulanus, Spermologa, Spiza, Struthus.

Common Chaffinch (Canary Is.)
Latin Name: Fringilla coelebs canariensis/ombriosa
FRINGILLA
(Fringillidae; Ϯ Common Chaffinch F. coelebs) L. fringilla (also frigilia, fringuilla, fringillus, fringuillus, frenguillus, fringuellus, fringuillo)  finch, subsequently associated with the Chaffinch; "98. FRINGILLA.  Rostrum conicum, rectum, acutum." (Linnaeus 1758); "Fringilla Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 179. Type, by tautonymy, "Fringilla" = Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus." (Mayr in Peters, 1968, XIV, p. 203). Linnaeus's Fringilla comprised thirty-one  species (F. oryzivora, F. cœlebs, F. Montifringilla, F. lulensis, F. lapponica, F. sylvatica, F. melancholica, F. erythrophthalma, F. Carduelis, F. Melba, F. Amandava, F. Gyrola, F. rubra, F. tristis, F. Zena, F. brasiliana, F. butyracea, F. Canaria, F. Spinus, F. flammea, F. flavirostris, F. cannabina, F. Linaria, F. angolensis, F. violacea, F. Schœniclus, F. domestica, F. montana, F. chinensis, F. hyemalis, F. Zena). Modern research suggests that some of the southern and insular subspecies of the Common Chaffinch may be entitled to specific rank, e.g. canariensis, spodiogenys, moreletti.
Var. Frangilla, Fringuilla, Fringille, Frlngilla. 
Synon. Coelebs, Hortulanus, Spermologa, Spiza, Struthus.

Common Chaffinch (La Palma)
Latin Name: Fringilla coelebs palmae
palmae
La Palma, Canary Is.

Common Chaffinch (African)
Latin Name: Fringilla coelebs africana
africana
L. Africanus  African  < Africa   Africa (in antiquity a name originally restricted to the territory of Carthage, later extended to include most of North Africa, then, in modern times, to the whole of that vast continent).
● Egypt; ex “Sarcelle d’Égypte” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 1000, and “African Teal” of Latham 1785 (syn. Aythya nyroca).
● Cape of Good Hope; ex “Cape Curlew” of Latham 1785 (syn. Calidris ferruginea).
● Cape of Good Hope; ex “Choucou” of Levaillant 1799, pl. 38 < French chouette  owl; coucou  cuckoo (unident.;?syn. Ciccaba woodfordii).
● Cape of Good Hope; ex “Becassine du Cap de Bonne Espérance” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 270 (syn. Rostratula benghalensis).
● Cape of Good Hope; ex “African Tern” of Latham 1785 (syn. Thalasseus sandvicensis).
● Malimbe and Cape of Good Hope; ex “Huppe d’Afrique” of Audebert & Vieillot 1800 (subsp. Upupa epops).
● Cape of Good Hope; ex “Curruca naevia capitis bonae spei” of Brisson 1760, “Fauvette tachetée du cap de Bonne Espérance” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “African Warbler” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

Common Chaffinch (Tunisian)
Latin Name: Fringilla coelebs spodiogenys
spodiogenys
Gr. σποδιος spodios  ash-coloured  < σποδος spodos  ashes; γενυς genus, γενυος genuos  cheek, chin.