Calandrella Cinerea Bird

English Name:  Red-capped Lark
Latin Name:  Calandrella cinerea
Protonym:  Alauda cinerea Syst.Nat. 1 pt2 p.798
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Alaudidae / Calandrella
Taxonomy Code:  reclar1
Type Locality:  Barnaul, Siberia.
Author:  Gmelin, JF
Publish Year:  1789
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CALANDRELLA
(Alaudidae; Ϯ Greater Short-toed Lark C. brachydactyla) Dim. <  Gr. καλανδρος kalandros  Calandra Lark; "11. Alauda brachydactyla.   ...   11. Kalandrelle. Calandrella. (Al. brachydactyla.)   Entw[ickelung]. Alle Formen werden etwas größer, das Gefieder einfacher und der Sporn der Hinterzehe gerade, wie beim Wiedehopf.   Char[akter]. Kalandarlerchen mit dünnem Schnabel.   Leb[ensart]. Sie gleichen hierin den Lerchen, besonders aber den Kalandarlerchen." (Kaup 1829); "Calandrella Kaup, 1829, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europäischen Thierw., p. 39. Type, by monotypy, Al. brachydactyla = Alauda brachydactyla Leisler." (Peters, 1960, IX, p. 44).
Var. Calandralla.
Synon. Calandritis, Coryphidea, Tephrocorys.

calandrella
Dim. < Italian name Calandrino for the Greater Short-toed Lark  <  French Calandrelle  <  Gr. καλανδρος kalandros  Calandra Lark (syn. Calandrella brachydactyla).

cinerea
L. cinereus  ash-grey, ash-coloured  < cinis, cineris  ashes.
● ex “Cinereous Creeper” of Latham 1781 (??syn. Anthobaphes violacea).
● "76. ARDEA.  ...  cinerea.  10. A. occipite crista pendula, dorso cærulescente, subtus albida, pectore maculis oblongis nigris.  Ardea crista dependente. Fn. svec. 133.  Ardea cinerea major. Aldr. orn. l. 20. c. 9. Gesn. av. 212. Jonst. av. 151. t. 50. Will. orn. 203. t. 49. Raj. av. 98. Mars. danub. 5. p. 8. t. 2. Alb. av. 1. p. 64. t. 67. & 3. p. . . t. 78.  Habitat in Europa; nidificant in arboribus plures simul." (Linnaeus 1758) (Ardea).
● ex “Cendrille” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Cinereous Lark” of Latham 1783 (Calandrella).
● ex “Tractrac” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 184, fig. 1 (syn. Cercomela tractrac).
● ex “Grand Gobe-mouche cendré de Madagascar” of Brisson 1760 (Coracina).
● ex “Cinereous Coot” of Latham 1785 (syn. Fulica americana).
● ex “Crested Gallinule” of Latham 1785 (Gallicrex).
● ex “Cotinga Cendré” of Levaillant 1801 (syn. Lipaugus vociferans).
● ex “Cinereous Finch” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Melospiza insignis).
● (Tunstall 1771) ex “Hoche-queue” or “Bergeronette jaune” of Brisson 1760, and “Gray Water Wagtail” of Pennant 1766 (Motacilla).
● (J. Gmelin 1789) ex “Motacilla cinerea” of Brisson 1760, “Bergeronnette grise” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 674, fig. 1, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Cinereous Wagtail” of Latham 1783 (syn. Motacilla cinerea).
● ex “Hirondelle du Pérou” of Brisson 1760, “Petite Hirondelle noire à ventre cendré” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Ash-bellied Swallow” of Latham 1783 (syn. Notiochelidon murina).
● ex "Pétrel cendré" of de Buffon 1770-1783, and "Cinereous Fulmar" of Latham 1785 (Procellaria).
● ex “Hirondelle de rivage” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 543, fig. 2 (syn. Riparia riparia).
● ex “Cinereous Owl” of Latham 1781, and “Sooty Owl” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Strix nebulosa).
● ex “Pie-griesche grise” of Brisson 1760, and “Pie-griêche grise de Cayenne” (= ♂) and “Pie-griêche tachetée de Cayenne” (= ♀) of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pll. 304, 377 (syn. Tityra cayana).
● ex “Lanius nengeta var. β” of J. Gmelin 1788, “Cotinga gris de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 699, and “Variété du Guirarou” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (?syn. Xipholena punicea).
● ex “Larus niger fidipes alter, alis brevioribus” of Ray 1713, “Sterna cinerea” of Brisson 1760, and “Cinereous Tern” of Latham 1785 (unident.).
● ex “Muscicapa cayennensis rufa” of Brisson 1760, and “Rufous-bellied Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

Red-capped Lark (saturatior)
Latin Name: Calandrella cinerea saturatior
saturatior / saturatium / saturatius
L. saturatior, saturatioris  more richly coloured, intensely coloured  < saturare  to satisfy  < satur, satura  rich, copious  < satis  enough.

Red-capped Lark (williamsi)
Latin Name: Calandrella cinerea williamsi
williamsi
● John George Williams (1913-1997) British ornithologist, Curator of Coryndon Mus., Nairobi (subsp. Calandrella cinerea, syn. Geokichla piaggiae tanganjicae, Mirafra, subsp. Phylloscopus umbrovirens, syn. Stelgidocichla latirostris).
● Maj. Frederic Thesiger Williams (1862-1902) British Army in India and Burma (subsp. Lophura horsfieldii).
● J. Williams (fl. 1807) English naturalist (syn. Phalaropus lobatus).

Red-capped Lark (spleniata)
Latin Name: Calandrella cinerea spleniata
spleniata
L. spleniatus  plastered, patched  < splenium  plaster, patch  < Gr. σπληνιον splēnion  spleen, bandage.

Red-capped Lark (fulvida)
Latin Name: Calandrella cinerea fulvida
fulvida
Late L. fulvidus  tawny, yellow  < L. fulvus tawny, golden-yellow.

Red-capped Lark (alluvia)
Latin Name: Calandrella cinerea alluvia
alluvia
L. alluvius  alluvial  < alluere  to wash against.
● "Range: Major alluvial flood-plains of southern Moçambique" (Clancey 1977) (subsp. Calandrella cinerea).

Red-capped Lark (millardi)
Latin Name: Calandrella cinerea millardi
millardi
● Walter Samuel Millard (1864-1962) British entrepreneur, naturalist, conservationist, Secretary of Bombay Natural History Society 1906-1920 (subsp. Arborophila torqueola).
● Lt.-Col. John Forster Millard (1911-2004) British Army, leader of irregulars in Abyssinia, colonial administrator (subsp. Calandrella cinerea).

Red-capped Lark (cinerea)
Latin Name: Calandrella cinerea cinerea
cinerea
L. cinereus  ash-grey, ash-coloured  < cinis, cineris  ashes.
● ex “Cinereous Creeper” of Latham 1781 (??syn. Anthobaphes violacea).
● "76. ARDEA.  ...  cinerea.  10. A. occipite crista pendula, dorso cærulescente, subtus albida, pectore maculis oblongis nigris.  Ardea crista dependente. Fn. svec. 133.  Ardea cinerea major. Aldr. orn. l. 20. c. 9. Gesn. av. 212. Jonst. av. 151. t. 50. Will. orn. 203. t. 49. Raj. av. 98. Mars. danub. 5. p. 8. t. 2. Alb. av. 1. p. 64. t. 67. & 3. p. . . t. 78.  Habitat in Europa; nidificant in arboribus plures simul." (Linnaeus 1758) (Ardea).
● ex “Cendrille” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Cinereous Lark” of Latham 1783 (Calandrella).
● ex “Tractrac” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 184, fig. 1 (syn. Cercomela tractrac).
● ex “Grand Gobe-mouche cendré de Madagascar” of Brisson 1760 (Coracina).
● ex “Cinereous Coot” of Latham 1785 (syn. Fulica americana).
● ex “Crested Gallinule” of Latham 1785 (Gallicrex).
● ex “Cotinga Cendré” of Levaillant 1801 (syn. Lipaugus vociferans).
● ex “Cinereous Finch” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Melospiza insignis).
● (Tunstall 1771) ex “Hoche-queue” or “Bergeronette jaune” of Brisson 1760, and “Gray Water Wagtail” of Pennant 1766 (Motacilla).
● (J. Gmelin 1789) ex “Motacilla cinerea” of Brisson 1760, “Bergeronnette grise” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 674, fig. 1, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Cinereous Wagtail” of Latham 1783 (syn. Motacilla cinerea).
● ex “Hirondelle du Pérou” of Brisson 1760, “Petite Hirondelle noire à ventre cendré” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Ash-bellied Swallow” of Latham 1783 (syn. Notiochelidon murina).
● ex "Pétrel cendré" of de Buffon 1770-1783, and "Cinereous Fulmar" of Latham 1785 (Procellaria).
● ex “Hirondelle de rivage” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 543, fig. 2 (syn. Riparia riparia).
● ex “Cinereous Owl” of Latham 1781, and “Sooty Owl” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Strix nebulosa).
● ex “Pie-griesche grise” of Brisson 1760, and “Pie-griêche grise de Cayenne” (= ♂) and “Pie-griêche tachetée de Cayenne” (= ♀) of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pll. 304, 377 (syn. Tityra cayana).
● ex “Lanius nengeta var. β” of J. Gmelin 1788, “Cotinga gris de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 699, and “Variété du Guirarou” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (?syn. Xipholena punicea).
● ex “Larus niger fidipes alter, alis brevioribus” of Ray 1713, “Sterna cinerea” of Brisson 1760, and “Cinereous Tern” of Latham 1785 (unident.).
● ex “Muscicapa cayennensis rufa” of Brisson 1760, and “Rufous-bellied Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

Red-capped Lark (niveni)
Latin Name: Calandrella cinerea niveni
nivenae / niveni
Cecily Kathleen Niven née FitzPatrick (1899-1992) South African ornithologist, founder of Institute for African Ornithology 1960, daughter of author and politician Sir James Percy FitzPatrick (subsp. Calandrella cinerea).