Brotogeris Chrysoptera Bird

English Name:  Golden-winged Parakeet
Latin Name:  Brotogeris chrysoptera
Protonym:  Psittacus chrysopterus Syst.Nat.ed.12 ed.12 p.149
Taxonomy:  Psittaciformes / Psittacidae / Brotogeris
Taxonomy Code:  gowpar2
Type Locality:  India, error, Guiana designated as type locality by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 88.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1766
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

BROTOGERIS
(Psittacidae; Ϯ Grey-cheeked Parakeet B. pyrrhoptera) Gr. βροτογηρυς brotogērus  with human voice  < βροτος brotos  man; γηρυς gērus  voice. This epithet of the parrot was first mentioned by Crinagoras (1st cent. AD). "Brotogeris. ‡  ...  ‡ BROTOGERIS.  Rostrum attenuatum compressum: mandibula inferiore elongata vix emarginata. Alæ mediocres: remigibus tribus primis fere æqualibus. Pedes mediocres. Cauda subelongata, gradata.  Typus genericus. Ps. pyrrhopterus. Lath." (Vigors 1825); "Brotogeris Vigors, Zool. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 400.  Type, by original designation, Psittacus pyrrhopterus Latham." (Peters, 1937, III, p. 205).
Var. Bratogeris, Brotogerys.
Synon. Caica, Psittacula, Psittovius, Sittace, Tirica.

chrysoptera / chrysopterum
Gr. χρυσοπτερος khrusopteros  golden-winged  < χρυσος khrusos  gold; -πτερος -pteros  -winged  < πτερον pteron  wing.
● ex “Yellow-winged Creeper” of Latham 1787 (syn. Cinnyris asiaticus).
● ex "Orange-winged Nuthatch" of Latham 1801 (Daphoenositta).
● ex “Yellow-winged Bunting” of Portlock 1789 (syn. Melanodera melanodera).
● "114. MOTACILLA.  ...  chrysoptera.  20. M. fusca, subtus alba, pileo maculaque alarum luteis, gula nigra.  Motacilla alis aureis. Edw. av. - - t. 299.  Habitat in Pensylvania.  Pileus fulvus. Macula pone oculos gulaque nigra. Linea alba supra infraque oculos. Tectrices alarum luteæ, maculam magnam constituentes." (Linnaeus 1766) (Vermivora).

SUBSPECIES

Golden-winged Parakeet (chrysoptera)
Latin Name: Brotogeris chrysoptera chrysoptera
chrysoptera / chrysopterum
Gr. χρυσοπτερος khrusopteros  golden-winged  < χρυσος khrusos  gold; -πτερος -pteros  -winged  < πτερον pteron  wing.
● ex “Yellow-winged Creeper” of Latham 1787 (syn. Cinnyris asiaticus).
● ex "Orange-winged Nuthatch" of Latham 1801 (Daphoenositta).
● ex “Yellow-winged Bunting” of Portlock 1789 (syn. Melanodera melanodera).
● "114. MOTACILLA.  ...  chrysoptera.  20. M. fusca, subtus alba, pileo maculaque alarum luteis, gula nigra.  Motacilla alis aureis. Edw. av. - - t. 299.  Habitat in Pensylvania.  Pileus fulvus. Macula pone oculos gulaque nigra. Linea alba supra infraque oculos. Tectrices alarum luteæ, maculam magnam constituentes." (Linnaeus 1766) (Vermivora).

Golden-winged Parakeet (tenuifrons)
Latin Name: Brotogeris chrysoptera tenuifrons
tenuifrons
L. tenuis, tenue  slender, refined, subtle, slight; frons, frontis  brow,  forehead.

Golden-winged Parakeet (solimoensis)
Latin Name: Brotogeris chrysoptera solimoensis
solimoensis / solimonensis
Rio Solimões, a name for the Amazon from its confluence with the Rio Negro, near Manaus, westward to the Brazil/Peru border.

Golden-winged Parakeet (tuipara)
Latin Name: Brotogeris chrysoptera tuipara
tuipara
Tupí name Tuí pará multicoloured little parrot, for a parakeet, probably the Tuípará Parakeet.
● ex “Tuipara” of Marcgrave 1648, Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Psittacula brasiliensis erythrocephalos” of Brisson 1760, and “Red-fronted Parrot” of Latham 1781 (Brotogeris).

Golden-winged Parakeet (chrysosema)
Latin Name: Brotogeris chrysoptera chrysosema
chrysosema / chrysosemus
Gr. χρυσοσημος khrusosēmos  embroidered with gold  < χρυσος khrusos  gold; σημαινω sēmainō  to mark out (cf. Late Gr. χρυσοσημος khrusosēmos  garment with a border of gold  < σημα sēma, σηματος sēmatos  gold stripe, gold border).