Aquila Chrysaetos Bird

English Name:  Golden Eagle
Latin Name:  Aquila chrysaetos
Protonym:  Falco Chrysaëtos Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.88
Taxonomy:  Accipitriformes / Accipitridae / Aquila
Taxonomy Code:  goleag
Type Locality:  Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 19.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

AQUILA
(Accipitridae; † Golden Eagle A. chrysaetos) L. aquila  eagle  ?<  aquilus  dark-coloured; the Golden Eagle was the emblem of the Roman legions, whose standards or eagles bore the likeness of an eagle with raised wings; "Aquila. Genus 9.  ...  Genus Aquilinum ...  Digiti quatuor, membranis destituti; tres scilicet antici, posticus unus; omnes circiter usque ad exortum discreti: Crura ad calcaneum usque plumosa: Rostrum breve, primum rectum, dein aduncum; ad basin cute nuda tectum: Caput plumosum.  ...  **1. L'AIGLE  ...  AQUILA." (Brisson 1760): based on "Aquila" of many previous authors; "Aquila Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 28, 419.  Type, by tautonymy, Aquila Brisson = Falco chrysaëtos Linné." (Peters, 1931, I, p. 253).
Var. Aquilla, Aquilo.   
Synon. Aetos, Aetus, Afraetus, Cassinaetus, Chrysaetus, Euaquila, Micraetus, Morphnaetos, Psammoaetus, Pteroaetus, Taphaetus, Uroaetus.

aquila
L. aquila  eagle  ?<  aquilus  dark-coloured.
● "XIII. AIGLE COMMUN.   FALCO AQUILA.  ...  Aquila Valeria. ARISTOTE, Hist. anim.  Falco fulvus. LINNÉ, Syst. nat.  Chrysaëtos, cauda albo cincta. RAY, Syn.  ...  En Tartarie on leur apprend à chasser les lièvres, les renards et même les loups" (Daudin 1800) (syn. Aquila chrysaetos).
● "66. PELECANUS.  ...  Aquilus.  2. P. cauda forficata, corpore nigro, capite abdomineque albis. Amœn. acad. 4. p. . .   Pelecanus Aquilus. Osb. iter. 292.  Alcyon major pulla, cauda pulla, cauda longiore bifurca. Brown jam. 483.  Cari pira Laët. amer. 575.  Man of var.[sic] Sloan. jam. I. p. 30.  Avis Rabo focardo. Pet. gaz. t. 45. f. 1.?  Frigate bird. Alb. av. 3. p. 75. t. 80. male.  Habitat in Insula Adscensionis aliisque pelagicis, vitam agens Diomedeæ exulis, cui similis." (Linnaeus 1758); from the very sharp, eagle-like bill of the Ascension Frigatebird (Fregata).

chrysaeta / chrysaetos
Gr. χρυσαετος khrusaetos Golden Eagle < χρυσος khrusos gold; αετος aetos eagle; ex “Aquila chrysaëtos” of Willughby 1676, “Golden Eagle” of Ray 1713, and “Falco cera flava, pedibus lanatis, corpore fusco ferrugineo vario, cauda nigra basi cinereo-undulata” of Linnaeus 1746. This name, in the original combination Falco Chrysaetos Linnaeus, 1758, is the eighth name and sixth autochthonym in avian nomenclature (Aquila).

SUBSPECIES

Golden Eagle (homeyeri)
Latin Name: Aquila chrysaetos homeyeri
homeyeri
● Maj. Alexander von Homeyer (1834-1903) Prussian Army, ornithologist, oologist, lepidopterist (Joek Roex in litt.) (subsp. Aquila chrysaetos)
● Eugen Ferdinand Edler von Homeyer (1809-1889) Prussian ornithologist, opponent of Darwinism (Aythya ferina x A. nyroca hybrid (Björn Bergenholtz in litt.), syn. Charadrius artefact, syn. Gavia arctica, Pachycephala, syn. Phylloscopus fuscatus, syn. Sitta europaea).
● Eugen Ferdinand Edler von Homeyer (1809-1889) and his cousin Maj. Alexander von Homeyer (1834-1903) Prussian ornithologists (Joek Roex in litt.) (subsp. Lanius excubitor).

Golden Eagle (chrysaetos)
Latin Name: Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos
chrysaeta / chrysaetos
Gr. χρυσαετος khrusaetos Golden Eagle < χρυσος khrusos gold; αετος aetos eagle; ex “Aquila chrysaëtos” of Willughby 1676, “Golden Eagle” of Ray 1713, and “Falco cera flava, pedibus lanatis, corpore fusco ferrugineo vario, cauda nigra basi cinereo-undulata” of Linnaeus 1746. This name, in the original combination Falco Chrysaetos Linnaeus, 1758, is the eighth name and sixth autochthonym in avian nomenclature (Aquila).

Golden Eagle (daphanea)
Latin Name: Aquila chrysaetos daphanea
daphanea
"A. Daphænia, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. 1844, p. 81.  Dapheny of the Nipalese." (Hodgson 1846); "DAPHENI, Nepal, Hodgson." (Horsfield & Moore 1854) (Mark Brown in litt.) (subsp. Aquila chrysaetos).

Golden Eagle (japonica)
Latin Name: Aquila chrysaetos japonica
japanensis / japanicus / japensis / japonensis / japonica / japonicum / japonicus
Japan (Mod. English names (early examples including Giapan) were derived from a Portuguese corruption of Malay Jepang and Chinese Zeppen, themselves local renderings of Nippon). The French equivalent is Japon.
● ex “Japonese Eagle” of Latham 1781 (subsp. Falco peregrinus).
● ex “Grue du Japon” of Brisson 1760 (Grus).
● Erroneous TL Japan (= New Guinea); ex “Psittacus erythrochlorus macrourus” of Aldrovandus 12599, and “Psittaca japonica” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Charmosyna papou).

Golden Eagle (kamtschatica)
Latin Name: Aquila chrysaetos kamtschatica
kamschaticus / kamtchatchensis / kamtschathensis / kamtschatica / kamtschaticus / kamtschatika / kamtschatkensis / kamtschatschensis
Kamchatka, Far Eastern Russia (named after the Kamchadal peoples, "men of the far end.").

Golden Eagle (canadensis)
Latin Name: Aquila chrysaetos canadensis
canadensis
Canada (taxa from Hudson Bay or Hudson’s Bay were also given this toponym)  < Iroquoian kanata  settlement.
● "76. ARDEA.  ...  canadensis.  3. A. sincipite nudo papilloso, corpore cinereo, alis extus testaceis.  Grus fusca canadensis. Edw. av. 133. t. 133.  Habitat in America septentrionali." (Linnaeus 1758) (Antigone).
● "41. FALCO.  ...  canadensis.  4. [F.] cera flava pedibusque lanatis, corpore fusco, cauda alba apice fusco.  Aquila cauda alba. Edw. av. I. t. 1.  Habitat in Canada.  Pectus punctis trigonis adspersum." (Linnaeus 1758). This is the tenth name and first toponym in avian nomenclature (subsp. Aquila chrysaetos).
● "61  ANAS.  ...  canadensis.  9. A. fusca, capite colloque nigro, gula alba.  Anser canadensis. Will. ornith. 276. t. 70. f. 1. & t. 71. f. 3. Raj. av. 130. t. 10. Catesb. car. I. p. 92. t. 92. Edw. av. 151. t. 151.  Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1758) (Branta).
● "91. TETRAO.  ...  canadensis.  3. T. pedibus hirsutis, rectricibus nigris apice fulvis, lituris duabus albis ad oculos.  Urogallus maculatus canadensis. Edw. av. 118. t. 118. mas. & 71. t. 71. femina.  Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1758) (Canachites).
● "113. MUSCICAPA.  ...  canadensis.  13. M. cinerea, subtus lutea, loris luteis, vertice nigro maculato.  Muscicapa canadensis cinerea. Briss. av. 2. p. 406. t. 39. f. 4.  Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1766) (Cardellina).
● Erroneous TL. Canada (= Cayana = Cayenne); "109. LOXIA.  ...  canadensis.  29. L. viridi-olivacea, subtus flavo-olivacea, capistro nigro.  Coccothraustes canadensis. Briss. av. 3. p. 229. t. 11. f. 3.  Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1766) (Caryothraustes).
● ex “Quauhtotopotli alter” of Hernandez 1651, “Picus varius canadensis” of Brisson 1760, “Pic du Canada” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 345, fig. 1, “Epeiche du Canada, première espèce” of de Buffon 17770-1783, and “Canada Spotted Woodpecker” of Latham 1782, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Dendrocopos villosus).
● "104. COLUMBA.  ...  canadensis.  30. C. remigibus primoribus apice flavicantibus, rectricibus subcinereis: extimis albis.  Columba: Turtur jamaicensis. Briss. av. 1. p. 118. n. 21.  Habitat in Canada.  Rostrum fuscum.  Pedes rubri." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Ectopistes migratorius).
● "50. CORVUS.  ...  canadensis.  16. C. fuscus, fronte flavicante, subtus rectricumque apicibus albidus.  Garrulus canadensis fuscus. Briss. av. 2. p. 54. t. 4. f. 2.  Habitat in Canada.  Cauda rotundata." (Linnaeus 1766) (Perisoreus).
● ex "Gros-bec de Canada" of Brisson 1760 (syn. Pinicola enucleator leucura).
● Erroneous TL. Canada (= Cayana = Cayenne); "44. LANIUS.  ...  canadensis.  4. L. cauda cuneiformi, capite cristato, corpore rufescente, subtus albido.  Lanius canadensis. Briss. av. 2. p. 171. t. 18. f. 3.  Habitat in Canada.  Remiges Rectricesque nigricantes marginibus albis." (Linnaeus 1766) (Sakesphorus).
● ex "Figuier de Canada" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 58, fig. 2 (syn. Setophaga aestiva).
● "114. MOTACILLA.  ...  canadensis.  42. M. supra cærulea subtus alba, jugulo remigibus rectricibusque nigris.  Ficedula canadensis cinerea major. Briss. av. 3. p. 527. t. 27. f. 6. Edw. av. 5. t. 252. f. 1.  Habitat in America septentrionali.  Remiges primores basi albæ, unde macula alarum.  Rectrices 1, 2, 3 basi apiceque albæ; 4, 5 apice albæ." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Setophaga caerulescens).
● "114. MOTACILLA.  ...  canadensis.  27. M. cinerascens, subtus alba, vertice fasciaque abdominali lutea, pectore fusco maculato.  Ficedula canadensis cinerea. Briss. av. 3. p. 524. t. 27. f. 1.  Habitat in Canada.  Fascia alarum duplex alba." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Setophaga coronata).
● "60. SITTA.  ...  canadensis.  2. S. superciliis albis.  Sitta canadensis. Briss. av. 3. p. 593. t. 29. f. 4.  Habitat in Canada.  Affinis multum S. europææ." (Linnaeus 1766) (Sitta). 
● ex “Merle de Canada” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Turdus migratorius).
● ex “Moineau du Canada” of Brisson 1760, and d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 223, fig. 2, and “Soulciet” of de Buffon 1770-1785 (?syn. Zonotrichia leucophrys).