Cisticola Chiniana Bird

English Name:  Rattling Cisticola
Latin Name:  Cisticola chiniana
Protonym:  Drymoica chiniana Ill.Zool.S.Afr. pl.79,text
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Cisticolidae / Cisticola
Taxonomy Code:  ratcis1
Type Locality:  'near Kurrichane'' = Zeerust, Transvaal.
Author:  Smith, A
Publish Year:  1843
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CISTICOLA
(Cisticolidae; † Zitting Cisticola C. juncidis cisticola) Gr. κιστις kistis  little basket  < dim. κιστη kistē  basket; L. -cola  dweller  < colere  to dwell (cf. specific name Sylvia cisticola Temminck, 1820 (= subsp. Cisticola juncidis)); the Zitting Cisticola, formerly known as Fan-tailed Warbler, is the only European member of this wide-ranging Old World, predominantly Afrotropical, genus of small monomorphic warblers; “2. Sylvia cisticola.   ...   2. Zistensänger. Cisticola.   E[ntwickelung]. Wie gewöhnlich.  Ch[arakter]. Kleine Oleandersänger mit hellrostfarbigem, schwarz geflecktem Rücken.  L[ebensart]. Sie leben wie die übrigen Rohrsänger, bauen aber ein trichterförmiges Nest ins hohe Gras.” (Kaup 1829); "Cisticola Kaup, 1829, Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte Europäisch. Thierwelt, p. 119.  Type, by tautonymy, Sylvia cisticola Temminck." (Traylor in Peters, 1986, XI, p. 84).
Var. Cisiticola.
Synon. Calamanthella, Cistodyta, Drymodyta, Drymodytops, Dryodromas, Hemipteryx, Merion, Neocisticola, Nephelicola, Pseudhemipteryx, Rhathymodyta, Tachydyta, Threnetes, Threnodyta, Threnodytops, Threnolais.

cisticola
Gr. κιστις kistis  little basket  < dim. κιστη kistē  basket; L. -cola dweller < colere to dwell.

chiniana / chinianus
Probably a toponym, after the Chenyane or Tshwenyane Mts., north of Zeerust; “The name chiniana is, however, not adjectival but seemingly derives from the old Tswana name Ishwenyane, formerly used by native peoples for a range of hills near the present town of Zeerust in the western Transvaal” (Clancey 1992) (cf. Singuni name Tsiyana for a small brown warbler) (see cheniana) (Cisticola).

SUBSPECIES

Rattling Cisticola (simplex)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana simplex
simplex
L. simplex, simplicis  simple, plain.
● ex “Simple Tern” of Latham 1785 (Phaetusa ☼).

Rattling Cisticola (fricki)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana fricki
fricki
Childs Frick (1883-1965) US philanthropist, palaeontologist, collector (syn. Andropadus importunus insularis, syn. Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus similis, subsp. Cisticola chiniana, syn. Lagonosticta rhodopareia, syn. Melaniparus thruppi, syn. Phyllastrephus strepitans, syn. Ploceus baglafecht, syn. Scleroptila africana ellenbecki, syn. Zosterops abyssinicus flavilateralis).

Rattling Cisticola (humilis)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana humilis
humilis
L. humilis  lowly, small, humble, on the ground, of the plain  < humus, humi  ground.

Rattling Cisticola (ukamba)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana ukamba
ukamba / ukambensis
Ukamba, central Kenya.

Rattling Cisticola (victoria)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana victoria
victoria / victoriae
● Victoria, Australia (named after Alexandrina Victoria Queen of Great Britain) (syn. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris, syn. Alcedo azurea, subsp. Climacteris picumnus, syn. Colluricincla harmonica, syn. Coracina papuensis robusta, syn. Dasyornis brachypterus, syn. Drymodes brunneopygia, syn. Eurostopodus mystacalis, syn. Halobaena caerulea, syn. Ixobrychus minutus novaezelandiae, syn. Malurus splendens melanotus, subsp. Menura novaehollandiae, syn. Microeca fascinans, syn. Ninox strenua, syn. Oxyura australis, syn. Platycercus elegans, syn. Podargus strigoides, syn. Rhipidura albiscapa alisteri, subsp. Synoicus chinensis).
● Mt. Victoria (= Nat Ma Taung), Chin Hills, Burma (subsp. Aethopyga nipalensis, syn. Certhia manipurensis, subsp. Pellorneum ruficeps, subsp. Pyrrhula nipalensis, Sitta, syn. Siva strigula yunnanensis, subsp. Trochalopteron austeni).
● Alexandrina Victoria Queen of Great Britain and Empress of India (1819-1901; reigned 1837-1901) (syn. Ardea alba, Goura, Lophorina).
● Lake Victoria (= Victoria Nyanza), East Africa (syn. Cisticola chiniana fischeri, Ploceus).
● Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise Crown-Princess of Germany and Prussia (1840-1901), eldest child of Queen Victoria, and wife to Friedrich Wilhelm Crown-Prince of Germany and Prussia (Lamprolia).
● Marie Anne Victoire Mulsant née Jacquetton (1777-1854) mother of French ornithologist Martial Mulsant (Lesbia).
● Sierra La Victoria, southern Baja California, Mexico (subsp. Vireo gilvus).

Rattling Cisticola (heterophrys)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana heterophrys
heterophrys
Gr. ἑτερος heteros  different; οφρυς ophrus, οφρυος ophruos  eyebrow, brow.

Rattling Cisticola (fischeri)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana fischeri
fischeri
● Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848-1886) German doctor, explorer, collector in tropical Africa 1876-1886 (Agapornis, syn. Calamonastes simplex, subsp. Centropus monachus, subsp. Cisticola chiniana, subsp. Cyanomitra veroxii, syn. Eurocephalus rueppelli, subsp. Geokichla guttata, Lamprotornis, Melaenornis, subsp. Mirafra rufocinnamomea, Phyllastrephus, subsp. Ploceus melanocephalus, subsp. Pogoniulus bilineatus, syn. Scotopelia peli, syn. Sylvietta whytii minima, Tauraco, Vidua).
● George Fischer (fl. 1896) Dutch surgeon, collector in the East Indies (Ramphiculus).
● Johann Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim (1771-1853) German palaeontologist, zoologist in Russia 1804-1853 (Somateria, syn. Syrrhaptes paradoxus).

Rattling Cisticola (keithi)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana keithi
keithi
George Stuart Keith (1931-2003) British/US ornithologist, pioneer sound-recordist, founding President of American Birding Association (subsp. Cisticola chiniana).

Rattling Cisticola (mbeya)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana mbeya
mbeya
Mbeya, Southern Highlands, south-western Tanzania.

Rattling Cisticola (emendatus)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana emendatus
emendata / emendatus
L. emendatus correct, improved, faultless < emendare to emend.
• "Cisticola chiniana emendata, subsp. nov.  ...  It would appear, from, Bull. B. O. C. lxi. 1941, p. 70, that our rearrangement was not done in accordance with the rules governing ornithological nomenclature, and I bow to the criticisms made; but in view of the fact that Rear-Admiral Lynes did not wish C. procera to cover the wide distribution necessitated by the deletion of C. c. mocuba, I forward this description of a new race, with a new type and type locality designated from the ample series of fifty-three new specimens available." (Vincent 1944) (subsp. Cisticola chiniana).

Rattling Cisticola (procerus)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana procerus
procerus
L. procerus  long, extended, tall.

Rattling Cisticola (chiniana)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana chiniana
chiniana / chinianus
Probably a toponym, after the Chenyane or Tshwenyane Mts., north of Zeerust; “The name chiniana is, however, not adjectival but seemingly derives from the old Tswana name Ishwenyane, formerly used by native peoples for a range of hills near the present town of Zeerust in the western Transvaal” (Clancey 1992) (cf. Singuni name Tsiyana for a small brown warbler) (see cheniana) (Cisticola).

Rattling Cisticola (fortis)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana fortis
fortis
L. fortis  robust, strong.

Rattling Cisticola (frater)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana frater
frater
L. frater  brother (i.e. closely related).
● "CRINIGER FRATER, sp. n.  ♂ ad. affinis C. gutturali, sed pectore ochrascenti-flavo et subcaudalibus ochrascentibus distinguendus ... This new species is very closely allied to two others, viz. C. gutturalis and C. gularis, all of them having brown heads and olive-green backs" (Sharpe 1877) (Alophoixus).
● "The difference in color appears very slight.  I attach more importance to the discrepancies in size and proportions.  If the Pacific bird be really distinct from the American, it has probably yet to receive a name; for it is very different from the various species of Anous mostly described by Mr. Gould.  In that event, it may be called a ANOUS FRATER." (Coues 1862) (syn. Anous stolidus pileatus).
● "Schließt als dritte Form an C. rufopileata und soror sich an.  ...  Durch die allerdings nur undeutliche Fleckung des Rückens nähert sich die Art der C. chiniana." (Reichenow 1916) (subsp. Cisticola chiniana). 
● "Species H. rufo-marginato maxime affinis, sed interscapulio non nigro et remigum colore castaneo saturatiore satis diversa" (P. Sclater & Salvin 1880) (subsp. Herpsilochmus scapularis).
● “Species assimilis M. carinatae [= Monarcha melanopsis] ex Australia et ejusdem formae, sed facie angustiore nigra et ventre saturatiore castaneo diversa” (P. Sclater, 1874) (Monarcha).
● “The occurrence of two typical species of Amydrus [i.e. Onychognathus frater and Onychognathus blythii] in so small an island as Socotra is very curious; but there seems to be no doubt about the fact” (P. Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881) (Onychognathus).
● "Similar to T. solstitialis, but differs in the eyebrow and eyelid being white instead of rufous or buff, and in the whiter axillaries and under wing-coverts.  ... The White-browed House-Wren replaces the foregoing species [T. solstitialis] in Bolivia" (Sharpe 1881) (subsp. Troglodytes solstitialis).

Rattling Cisticola (bensoni)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana bensoni
bensoni
● Constantine Walter Benson (1909-1982) English colonial administrator, ornithologist, collector (syn. Ammomanes deserti geyri, syn. Apalis chapini strausae, syn. Apalis thoracica whitei, Calamonastides, subsp. Cinnyris fuelleborni, subsp. Cisticola chiniana, subsp. Cyanolanius comorensis, subsp. Monticola sharpei, syn. Phyllastrephus terrestris suahelicus, syn. Poeoptera kenricki, ‡Psittacula, subsp. Sheppardia gunningi).
● Rex R. Benson (fl. 1931) US collector in Panama (subsp. Basileuterus melanogenys, subsp. Catharus gracilirostris).
● Col. Harry Coupland Benson (1857-1924) US Army (subsp. Callipepla douglasii).

Rattling Cisticola (smithersi)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana smithersi
smithersi / smithersii
Dr Reay Henry Noble Smithers (1907-1987) South African zoologist, ornithologist, botanist, collector, Director of Museums, Rhodesia 1948-1976 (subsp. Cisticola chiniana, subsp. Emberiza capensis, subsp. Mirafra rufocinnamomea, subsp. Ortygospiza atricollis).

Rattling Cisticola (campestris)
Latin Name: Cisticola chiniana campestris
campestris
L. campester, campestris of the fields or plains < campus, campi field.
● "93. ALAUDA.  ...  campestris.  4. A. rectricibus fuscis inferiori medietate, exceptis intermediis duabus, albis, gula pectoreque flavescente. Fn. svec. 193.  Alauda minor campestris. Will. orn. 150. Raj. av. 70. n. 6.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Anthus).
● ex “Chorlito ribetes blancos acanelados” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 398 (syn. Bartramia longicauda).
● ex “Gavilan del campo pardo” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 33 (syn. Circus cinereus) (=☼).
● ex “Carpintero campestre” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 253 (Colaptes).
● ex “American Hedge-Sparrow” of Edwards 1750 (Euneornis).
● ex “Chorlito campesino” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 397 (syn. Numenius borealis).
● ex “Ñacundá ” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 312 (syn. Podager nacunda).