Phalacrocorax Chalconotus Bird

English Name:  Stewart Island Shag
Latin Name:  Phalacrocorax chalconotus
Protonym:  Graculus chalconotus Voy.ErebusTerror 1 Birds p.20 pl.21
Taxonomy:  Suliformes / Phalacrocoracidae / Phalacrocorax
Taxonomy Code:  brosha1
Type Locality:  Otago, South Island, New Zealand.
Author:  Gray, GR
Publish Year:  1845
IUCN Status:  Vulnerable

DEFINITIONS

PHALACROCORAX
(Phalacrocoracidae; Ϯ Great Cormorant P. carbo) L. phalacrocorax, phalacrocoracis  cormorant  < Gr. φαλακροκοραξ phalakrokorax,  φαλακροκορακος phalakrokorakos  cormorant  < φαλακρος phalakros  bald-headed  < φαλος phalos  white; ακρος akros  topmost; κοραξ korax, κορακος korakos  raven  < κρωζω krōzō  to croak; "LE CORMORAN  ...  PHALACROCORAX  ...  Juxta maris littora versatur, paludesque frequentat. Modo in rupibus, modo in arboribus excelsis nidificat" (Brisson 1760): based on "Phalacrocorax" and "Corvus aquaticus" of many authors, "Carbo aquaticus" of Gessner 1555, and Linnaeus 1748, "Morfex" of Gessner 1555, Aldrovandus 1599-1603, Jonston 1650-1653, and Charleton 1668, "Nonnullis" of Gessner 1555, Schwenckfeld 1603, and Klein 1750, "Pelecanus subtus albicans" of Linnaeus 1746, "Plancus Corvus" of Klein 1750, and Pelecanus Carbo Linnaeus, 1758; "Phalacrocorax Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 60. Type, by tautonymy, Phalacrocorax = Pelecanus carbo Linné." (Peters 1931, 1, 85). The Great Cormorant was formerly trained in England to catch fish, but that necessary pastime can now only be seen in the Far East.   
Var. Phalaciocorax, Phalocrocorax, Phalarocorax, Phelacrocorax.   
Synon. Anacarbo, Botaurites, Carbo, Carbonarius, Compsohalieus, Cormoranus, Dilophalieus, Ecmeles, Enygrotheres, Euleucocarbo, Graculus, Graucalus, Gripeus, Gulosus, Halieus, Hydrocorax, Hypoleucus, Leucocarbo, Mesocarbo, Nannopterum, Nesocarbo, Notocarbo, Oligocorax, Pallasicarbo, Paracorax, Pliocarbo, Poikilocarbo, Pseudocarbo, Stictocarbo, Urile, Viguacarbo.
● (syn. Rynchops Ϯ Black Skimmer R. niger) "109. ZWEMMERGANS, in het Latyn Phalacrocorax.  Vogel van Madras met een scheermes-snabel.  PETIVER by RAY. Syn. Av. 194. f. 5." (Moehring 1758).

phalacrocorax
L. phalacrocorax, phalacrocoracis  cormorant  < Gr. φαλακροκοραξ phalakrokorax, φαλακροκορακος phalakrokorakos  cormorant  < φαλακρος phalakros  bald-headed  < φαλος phalos  white; ακρος akros  topmost; κοραξ korax, κορακος korakos  raven  < κρωζω krōzō  to croak.
● ex Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760 (syn. Phalacrocorax carbo).

chalconota / chalconotus
Gr. χαλκονωτος khalkonōtos  bronze-backed  < χαλκος khalkos  bronze; -νωτος -nōtos  -backed  < νωτον nōton back.

SUBSPECIES

Stewart Island Shag (Otago)
Latin Name: Phalacrocorax chalconotus chalconotus
chalconota / chalconotus
Gr. χαλκονωτος khalkonōtos  bronze-backed  < χαλκος khalkos  bronze; -νωτος -nōtos  -backed  < νωτον nōton back.

Stewart Island Shag (Foveaux)
Latin Name: Phalacrocorax chalconotus stewarti
stewarti
● Ronald McDonald Stewart (1881-1958) English ornithologist, naturalist, game warden and wildfowl officer in British Columbia, Canada 1919-1958 (subsp. Certhia americana).
● Surgeon-Gen. Ludovick Charles Stewart (1819-1888) British Army in India, naturalist (Emberiza, subsp. Prinia socialis).
● J. S. Stewart (fl. 1913) in Travancore, India 1907-1913 (subsp. Galloperdix spadicea, syn. Surniculus dicruroides).
● Robert E. Stewart (1913-1993) US biologist, ornithologist (syn. Otus bakkamoena gangeticus).
● Stewart I., New Zealand (syn. Phalacrocorax chalconotus).
● Stewart Shipton (1869-1939) British accountant, sugar-mill manager in Argentina 1891-1939, naturalist (syn. Sicalis olivascens).