Saxicola Caprata Bird

English Name:  Pied Bushchat
Latin Name:  Saxicola caprata
Protonym:  Motacilla Caprata Syst.Nat.ed.12 ed.12 p.335
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Muscicapidae / Saxicola
Taxonomy Code:  piebus1
Type Locality:  Luzon.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1766
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

SAXICOLA
(Muscicapidae; Ϯ Common Stonechat S. torquatus rubicola) L. saxum, saxi  stone; -cola  dweller  < colere  to inhabit; "Gattung. Steinschmätzer. Saxicola.   ...  Sie machen den schicklichsten Uebergang zu den Fliegenfängern nach Gestalt und Lebensart; nisten auf der Erde oder in Löchern, und fressen blos Insekten, und zwar Käferarten und Fliegen.  *1. Großer Steinschmätzer (S. Oenanthe).   ...  *2. Braunkehliger Steinschmätzer (S. Rubetra).   ...  Ϯ3. Schwarzkehliger Steinschmätzer (S. Rubicola)" (Bechstein 1802); “Bechstein’s genus Saxicola  ...  contains three species only: œnanthe (Wheatear), rubetra (Whinchat), and rubicola (Stonechat). No type was originally designated, but Swainson (Zoologist Journ. iii. 1827, p. 172) subsequently fixed as the type Motacilla rubicola. Gray in 1841 and Seebohm (Cat. Bds. B. M. v. 1881, p. 362) made “œnanthe” the type; there can be no doubt, however, that Swainson’s designation must stand, and another name be found for the Wheatears” (BOU 1915); "Saxicola Bechstein, 1803, Orn. Taschenb., (1802), p. 216. Type, by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1827, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 172), Motacilla rubicola Linnaeus." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 104). Some workers believe that this form could be split into as many as seven species (i.e. S. torquatus, S. rubicola, S. maurus, S. przewalskii, S. stejnegeri, S. albofasciatus, S. sibilla).  
Var. Laxicola.
Synon. Curruca, Fruticicola, Pratincola, Rhodophila, Rubetra.
● (syn. Oenanthe Ϯ Northern Wheatear O. oenanthe) Formerly this name was much used for the wheatears and similar chat-like species (see above).

saxicola
L. saxum, saxi  stone, rock; -cola  dweller  < colere  to inhabit.

caprata
According to Brisson 1760, Maria-capra was the name given to the Pied Bushchat by the inhabitants of Luzon; ex “Traquet de l’isle de Luçon” of Brisson 1760 (Saxicola).

SUBSPECIES

Pied Bushchat (rossorum)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata rossorum
rossorum
Mod. L. Rossorum  of the Russians, from Russia, Russian  < Rossia  Russia  < Med. L. Russia  Russia  < Russian Rusî (subsp. Saxicola caprata).

Pied Bushchat (bicolor)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata bicolor
bicolor
L. bicolor, bicoloris  bicoloured  < bi-  two-  < bis  twice; color, coloris  colour; epithet usually given to spp. with white underparts and contrastingly darker upperparts.
● ex “Crested Titmouse” of Catesby 1731, and “Mésange hupée de la Caroline” of Brisson 1760 (Baeolophus).
● ex “Coucal Noirou” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 220 (syn. Centropus nigrorufus).
● ex “Colibri Nr. 2” of Fermin 1769, “Saphir-émeraude” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Sapphire-and-Emerald Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (Cyanophaia).
● ex “Pic varié de la Encénade” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 748, fig.1, and “Encenada Woodpecker” of Latham 1782 (syn. Dendrocopos lignarius).
● ex “Pato roxo y negro” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 436 (Dendrocygna).
● ex “Ramier blanc mangeur de muscade de la Nouvelle Guinée” of Sonnerat 1776 (Ducula).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à ventre blanc de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 566, fig. 3, and de Buffon 1770-1786, and “Black and white Fly-catcher” of Edwards 1758, and Latham 1783 (syn. Fluvicola pica).
● ex "Merle brun du Cap de Bonne Espérance" of de Buffon 1770-1783, and "White-rumped Thrush" of Latham 1783 (Lamprotornis).
● ex "Bahama Sparrow" of Catesby 1731 (Melanospiza).
● ex “Petit Guêpier du Sénégal” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 318 (?syn. Merops hirundineus).
● ex “Guêpier de l’isle de France” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 252 (syn. Merops viridis).
● ex “Schet Noir” of Levaillant 1805, pl. 148 (syn. Terpsiphone mutata).

Pied Bushchat (burmanicus)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata burmanicus
burmae / burmana / burmanica / burmanicus / burmannica / burmannicus
Burma, named after the indigenous B’mar peoples (= Myanmar, a recently readopted older name for the country).

Pied Bushchat (nilgiriensis)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata nilgiriensis
nilghiriensis / nilgiriensis
Nilghiri Hills, southern India.

Pied Bushchat (atratus)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata atratus
atrata / atratus
L. atratus  clothed in mourning  < ater  black.
● ex “Black Vulture or Carrion Crow” of Bartram 1791 (Coragyps).
● ex “Black Swan” of Phillip 1789 (Cygnus).
● ex “Black Red-tail” of Latham 1783 (?syn. Phoenicurus ochruros).

Pied Bushchat (caprata)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata caprata
caprata
According to Brisson 1760, Maria-capra was the name given to the Pied Bushchat by the inhabitants of Luzon; ex “Traquet de l’isle de Luçon” of Brisson 1760 (Saxicola).

Pied Bushchat (randi)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata randi
randi
Dr Austin Loomer Rand (1905-1982) Canadian ornithologist, Curator at Field Mus., Chicago 1947-1970 (subsp. Arachnothera flammifera, subsp. Hypotaenidia philippensis, syn. Malurus alboscapulatus aida, Muscicapa, Ninox, subsp. Pachycare flavogriseum, subsp. Saxicola caprata, subsp. Sericornis beccarii).

Pied Bushchat (anderseni)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata anderseni
anderseni
● Thorkild Andersen (1912-1981) Danish sisal planter in Tanganyika 1947-1967, collector, big-game hunter and angler (Adam Griffiths in litt.) (subsp. Cinnyris regius, syn. Ploceus nicolli).
● Dr Torben Andersen (fl. 1967) Danish zoologist, explorer and researcher in Greenland 1947-1950, 1964-1967, and in the Philippines 1951-1952 (Björn Bergenholtz in litt.) (subsp. Saxicola caprata).

Pied Bushchat (fruticola)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata fruticola
fruticicola / fruticola
L. frutex, fruticis bush, shrub; -cola inhabitant < colere to dwell.

Pied Bushchat (pyrrhonotus)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata pyrrhonotus
pyrrhonota / pyrrhonotha / pyrrhonotus
Gr. πυρρος purrhos  flame-coloured, red  < πυρ pur, πυρος puros  fire; -νωτος -nōtos  -backed  < νωτον nōton  back (cf. νοθος nothos  spurious, base).
● ex “Golondrina rabadilla acanelada” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 305 (Petrochelidon).
● ex “Alouëtte à Dos Roux” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 197 (unident.).

Pied Bushchat (francki)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata francki
francki
Paul Friedrich Franck (fl. 1940) German big-game hunter, taxidermist at Zoological Mus., Buitenzorg, Java 1922-1940, who died at a POW camp in India during WW2 (subsp. Saxicola caprata).

Pied Bushchat (cognatus)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata cognatus
cognata / cognatus
L. cognatus  related, connected, similar  < nasci, natus  to be born.

Pied Bushchat (albonotatus)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata albonotatus
albonotata / albonotatus
L. albus  white; notatus  marked  < notare  to mark  < nota  mark  < noscere  to know.

Pied Bushchat (aethiops)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata aethiops
aethiops
Gr. Αιθιοψ Aithiops  Ethiopian, negro, blackened  < αιθω aithō  to burn; ωψ ōps, ωπος ōpos  face.
● ex “Coucal Nègre” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 222 (?syn. Centropus menbeki, ?syn. Centropus bernsteini).
● ex “Turdus aethiops” of Lichtenstein MS (Myrmecocichla).

Pied Bushchat (belensis)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata belensis
belensis
Bele River (= Ibele River, a tributary of the Balim River), Snow Mts., New Guinea.

Pied Bushchat (wahgiensis)
Latin Name: Saxicola caprata wahgiensis
wahgiensis
Wahgi River, Papua New Guinea.