Falcipennis Canadensis Bird

English Name:  Spruce Grouse
Latin Name:  Falcipennis canadensis
Protonym:  Tetrao canadensis Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.159
Taxonomy:  Galliformes / Phasianidae / Falcipennis
Taxonomy Code:  sprgro
Type Locality:  Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pi. 71 9 , and pi. 118 c.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  

DEFINITIONS

FALCIPENNIS
(Tetraonidae; Ϯ Siberian Grouse F. falcipennis) Specific name Tetrao falcipennis Hartlaub, 1855; the Siberian Grouse was formerly known as Sickle-winged Grouse; "Tetronidæ  ...  6th. I would propose, as a generic term, founded upon the peculiar formation of its primary feathers, the specific appellation Falcipennis — confined to Asia, and in complement to its discoverer Hartlaubii." (Elliot 1864); "Falcipennis Elliot, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 23. Type, by monotypy, Falcipennis hartlaubii Elliot = Tetrao falcipennis Hartlaub." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 36).

falcipennis
L. falx, falcis  sickle; -pennis  -winged  < penna  feather.

canadensis
Canada (taxa from Hudson Bay or Hudson’s Bay were also given this toponym)  < Iroquoian kanata  settlement.
● "76. ARDEA.  ...  canadensis.  3. A. sincipite nudo papilloso, corpore cinereo, alis extus testaceis.  Grus fusca canadensis. Edw. av. 133. t. 133.  Habitat in America septentrionali." (Linnaeus 1758) (Antigone).
● "41. FALCO.  ...  canadensis.  4. [F.] cera flava pedibusque lanatis, corpore fusco, cauda alba apice fusco.  Aquila cauda alba. Edw. av. I. t. 1.  Habitat in Canada.  Pectus punctis trigonis adspersum." (Linnaeus 1758). This is the tenth name and first toponym in avian nomenclature (subsp. Aquila chrysaetos).
● "61  ANAS.  ...  canadensis.  9. A. fusca, capite colloque nigro, gula alba.  Anser canadensis. Will. ornith. 276. t. 70. f. 1. & t. 71. f. 3. Raj. av. 130. t. 10. Catesb. car. I. p. 92. t. 92. Edw. av. 151. t. 151.  Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1758) (Branta).
● "91. TETRAO.  ...  canadensis.  3. T. pedibus hirsutis, rectricibus nigris apice fulvis, lituris duabus albis ad oculos.  Urogallus maculatus canadensis. Edw. av. 118. t. 118. mas. & 71. t. 71. femina.  Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1758) (Canachites).
● "113. MUSCICAPA.  ...  canadensis.  13. M. cinerea, subtus lutea, loris luteis, vertice nigro maculato.  Muscicapa canadensis cinerea. Briss. av. 2. p. 406. t. 39. f. 4.  Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1766) (Cardellina).
● Erroneous TL. Canada (= Cayana = Cayenne); "109. LOXIA.  ...  canadensis.  29. L. viridi-olivacea, subtus flavo-olivacea, capistro nigro.  Coccothraustes canadensis. Briss. av. 3. p. 229. t. 11. f. 3.  Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1766) (Caryothraustes).
● ex “Quauhtotopotli alter” of Hernandez 1651, “Picus varius canadensis” of Brisson 1760, “Pic du Canada” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 345, fig. 1, “Epeiche du Canada, première espèce” of de Buffon 17770-1783, and “Canada Spotted Woodpecker” of Latham 1782, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Dendrocopos villosus).
● "104. COLUMBA.  ...  canadensis.  30. C. remigibus primoribus apice flavicantibus, rectricibus subcinereis: extimis albis.  Columba: Turtur jamaicensis. Briss. av. 1. p. 118. n. 21.  Habitat in Canada.  Rostrum fuscum.  Pedes rubri." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Ectopistes migratorius).
● "50. CORVUS.  ...  canadensis.  16. C. fuscus, fronte flavicante, subtus rectricumque apicibus albidus.  Garrulus canadensis fuscus. Briss. av. 2. p. 54. t. 4. f. 2.  Habitat in Canada.  Cauda rotundata." (Linnaeus 1766) (Perisoreus).
● ex "Gros-bec de Canada" of Brisson 1760 (syn. Pinicola enucleator leucura).
● Erroneous TL. Canada (= Cayana = Cayenne); "44. LANIUS.  ...  canadensis.  4. L. cauda cuneiformi, capite cristato, corpore rufescente, subtus albido.  Lanius canadensis. Briss. av. 2. p. 171. t. 18. f. 3.  Habitat in Canada.  Remiges Rectricesque nigricantes marginibus albis." (Linnaeus 1766) (Sakesphorus).
● ex "Figuier de Canada" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 58, fig. 2 (syn. Setophaga aestiva).
● "114. MOTACILLA.  ...  canadensis.  42. M. supra cærulea subtus alba, jugulo remigibus rectricibusque nigris.  Ficedula canadensis cinerea major. Briss. av. 3. p. 527. t. 27. f. 6. Edw. av. 5. t. 252. f. 1.  Habitat in America septentrionali.  Remiges primores basi albæ, unde macula alarum.  Rectrices 1, 2, 3 basi apiceque albæ; 4, 5 apice albæ." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Setophaga caerulescens).
● "114. MOTACILLA.  ...  canadensis.  27. M. cinerascens, subtus alba, vertice fasciaque abdominali lutea, pectore fusco maculato.  Ficedula canadensis cinerea. Briss. av. 3. p. 524. t. 27. f. 1.  Habitat in Canada.  Fascia alarum duplex alba." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Setophaga coronata).
● "60. SITTA.  ...  canadensis.  2. S. superciliis albis.  Sitta canadensis. Briss. av. 3. p. 593. t. 29. f. 4.  Habitat in Canada.  Affinis multum S. europææ." (Linnaeus 1766) (Sitta). 
● ex “Merle de Canada” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Turdus migratorius).
● ex “Moineau du Canada” of Brisson 1760, and d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 223, fig. 2, and “Soulciet” of de Buffon 1770-1785 (?syn. Zonotrichia leucophrys).

SUBSPECIES

Spruce Grouse (Spruce)
Latin Name: Falcipennis canadensis [canadensis Group]
FALCIPENNIS
(Tetraonidae; Ϯ Siberian Grouse F. falcipennis) Specific name Tetrao falcipennis Hartlaub, 1855; the Siberian Grouse was formerly known as Sickle-winged Grouse; "Tetronidæ  ...  6th. I would propose, as a generic term, founded upon the peculiar formation of its primary feathers, the specific appellation Falcipennis — confined to Asia, and in complement to its discoverer Hartlaubii." (Elliot 1864); "Falcipennis Elliot, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 23. Type, by monotypy, Falcipennis hartlaubii Elliot = Tetrao falcipennis Hartlaub." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 36).

Spruce Grouse (Franklin's)
Latin Name: Falcipennis canadensis franklinii
franklinii
● Capt. Sir John Franklin (1786-1847) English Arctic explorer, Lt.-Gov. of Van Diemen’s Land 1837-1843 (subsp. Canachites canadensis, syn. Larus pipixcan).
● Maj. James Franklin (1783-1834) British Army in India, geologist, ornithologist, collector (subsp. Prinia inornata, Psilopogon).