Fraseria Caerulescens Bird

English Name:  Ashy Flycatcher
Latin Name:  Fraseria caerulescens
Protonym:  Butalis caerulescens Ibis p.267
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Muscicapidae / Fraseria
Taxonomy Code:  ashfly1
Type Locality:  Natal.
Author:  Hartlaub
Publish Year:  1865
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

FRASERIA
(Muscicapidae; Ϯ African Forest Flycatcher F. ocreata) Louis Fraser (?1819-?1883) English zoologist, Curator of ZSL Museum 1832-1846, Curator of Knowsley Collection 1848-1851, Vice-Consul to Dahomey 1851-1853, collector in Nigeria 1841-1842, Ecuador 1857, California 1860, and Florida 1883. "L'africaine Tephr. ochreata, Strickland, à queue arrondie, à acrotarses d'une seule pièce, admirablement figurée par Fraser dans sa Zoologie typique, méritait un genre à part que nous établissons sous le nom de Fraseria, Bp." (Bonaparte 1854); Heine and Reichenow, 1890, Nomencl. Musei Heineani Ornith., p. 41, regarded Fraseria as a barbarous name, but, uncharacteristically, did not offer any alternative or replacement; "Fraseria Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. xxxviii, pp. 386, 536, 1854.  Type by monotypy, Tephrodornis ocreatus Strickland." (W. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., II, p. 411).
Synon. Apatema, Chapinia, Chapinornis, Cichlomyia, Eomelpusa, Eucnemidea, Hypodes, Myioparus.

caerulescens
Unattested L. caerulescens, caerulescentis  bluish (neither caerulescere nor caerulescens have been found in Classical Latin, but their existence may be inferred from caeruleus  azure-blue, by the example, amongst others, of rufus  red, ruddy, giving rufescere  to become reddish, and rufescens  reddish).
● "61. ANAS.  ...  cærulescens.  10. A. grisea, subtus alba, tectricibus alarum dorsoque postico cærulescentibus.  Anser canadensis, alis cæruleis. Edw. av. 152. t. 152.  Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1758) (Anser).
● "43. LANIUS.  ...  cærulescens.  8. L. cauda forficata, corpore nigro cærulescente, abdomine albo.  Lanius cauda forcipata. Edv. av. 96. t. 56.  Habitat in Benghala." (Linnaeus 1758) (Dicrurus).
● ex “Héron bleuâtre de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, “Crabier bleu à cou brun” of de Buffon 1770-1785, and “Blue Heron” of Latham 1785 (syn. Egretta caerulea).
● ex “Blue Roller” of Latham 1785 (syn. Eurystomus glaucurus).
● "41. FALCO.  ...  cærulescens.  7. F. cera palpebris pedibus subtusque luteus, dorso nigro-cærulescente, temporibus linea alba inclusis.  Accipiter minimus benghalensis. Edv. av. 108. t. 108.  Habitat in Asia." (Linnaeus 1758). This epithet is the thirteenth name in avian nomenclature. (Microhierax).
● ex "Oiseau bleu" of Dubois 1671, and "Gros oiseau" of Brown 1724 (‡Porphyrio).
● ex “Blue-necked Rail” of Latham 1785 (Rallus).
● ex "Fauvette bleuâtre de S. Domingue" of de Buffon 1770-1783, and "Blue-grey Warbler" of Latham 1783 (Setophaga).
● ex “Batara negro y aplomado” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 213 (Thamnophilus).
● ex “Caerulean Creeper” of Latham 1801 (syn. Zosterops lateralis).

SUBSPECIES

Ashy Flycatcher (nigrorum)
Latin Name: Fraseria caerulescens nigrorum
nigrorum
● Mod. L. Nigrorum  of Negros, Philippines; the island was named Isla de Negros by the Spaniards because of its dark-skinned inhabitants  < L. niger  black.
● Mod. L. Terra Nigrorum  land of the negroes (i.e. West Africa); "Alseonax cinereus nigrorum nom. nov. versus A. cinereus cinerascens (Sharpe). Muscicapa cinerascens Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv, p. 155 (1879 - Gold Coast), nec Spix, Aves Bras. ii, p. 16, pl. xii (1825)" (Collin & Hartert 1927) (subsp. Fraseria caerulescens).

Ashy Flycatcher (brevicauda)
Latin Name: Fraseria caerulescens brevicauda
brevicauda
L. brevis short; cauda tail.
● ex “Beffroi de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 706, fig. 1 (syn. Myrmothera campanisona).
● ex “Merle des Philippines” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 89 (syn. Pitta sordida).

Ashy Flycatcher (cinereola)
Latin Name: Fraseria caerulescens cinereola
cinereola / cinereolus
Mod. L. cinereolus  ashy, somewhat ash-coloured  < L. cinereus  ash-coloured  < cinis, cineris  ashes.

Ashy Flycatcher (impavida)
Latin Name: Fraseria caerulescens impavida
impavida / impavidus
L. impavidus  fearless, undaunted  < in-  not; pavidus  fearful < pavere  to panic.

Ashy Flycatcher (vulturna)
Latin Name: Fraseria caerulescens vulturna
vulturna / vulturnus
L. vulturnus  south-east by south wind; a reference to the range of this form (OD per Björn Bergenholtz) (cf. Roman myth. Vulturnus, a river god, god of the Tiber) (subsp. Fraseria caerulescens).

Ashy Flycatcher (caerulescens)
Latin Name: Fraseria caerulescens caerulescens
caerulescens
Unattested L. caerulescens, caerulescentis  bluish (neither caerulescere nor caerulescens have been found in Classical Latin, but their existence may be inferred from caeruleus  azure-blue, by the example, amongst others, of rufus  red, ruddy, giving rufescere  to become reddish, and rufescens  reddish).
● "61. ANAS.  ...  cærulescens.  10. A. grisea, subtus alba, tectricibus alarum dorsoque postico cærulescentibus.  Anser canadensis, alis cæruleis. Edw. av. 152. t. 152.  Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1758) (Anser).
● "43. LANIUS.  ...  cærulescens.  8. L. cauda forficata, corpore nigro cærulescente, abdomine albo.  Lanius cauda forcipata. Edv. av. 96. t. 56.  Habitat in Benghala." (Linnaeus 1758) (Dicrurus).
● ex “Héron bleuâtre de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, “Crabier bleu à cou brun” of de Buffon 1770-1785, and “Blue Heron” of Latham 1785 (syn. Egretta caerulea).
● ex “Blue Roller” of Latham 1785 (syn. Eurystomus glaucurus).
● "41. FALCO.  ...  cærulescens.  7. F. cera palpebris pedibus subtusque luteus, dorso nigro-cærulescente, temporibus linea alba inclusis.  Accipiter minimus benghalensis. Edv. av. 108. t. 108.  Habitat in Asia." (Linnaeus 1758). This epithet is the thirteenth name in avian nomenclature. (Microhierax).
● ex "Oiseau bleu" of Dubois 1671, and "Gros oiseau" of Brown 1724 (‡Porphyrio).
● ex “Blue-necked Rail” of Latham 1785 (Rallus).
● ex "Fauvette bleuâtre de S. Domingue" of de Buffon 1770-1783, and "Blue-grey Warbler" of Latham 1783 (Setophaga).
● ex “Batara negro y aplomado” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 213 (Thamnophilus).
● ex “Caerulean Creeper” of Latham 1801 (syn. Zosterops lateralis).