Leptocoma Brasiliana Bird

English Name:  Van Hasselt's Sunbird
Latin Name:  Leptocoma brasiliana
Protonym:  Certhia brasiliana Syst.Nat. Tomus 1 p. 474-475
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Nectariniidae / Leptocoma
Taxonomy Code:  vahsun1
Type Locality:  Brasilia ; error, emended to Java, by Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7) , p. 18.
Author:  Gmelin, JF
Publish Year:  1788
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

LEPTOCOMA
(Nectariniidae; Ϯ Maroon-bellied Sunbird L. brasiliana) Gr. λεπτος leptos  delicate, fine; κομη komē  hair; "Gen. LEPTOCOMA nov. gen. *) Sammethonigsauger.  568.  1. L. zeylonica Nob. - Certhia zeylonica Lin. Syst. Nat. No. 23. — Certhia quadricolor Scop. Sonn. Voy. tab. 30? — Certhia dubia Shaw? — Nectarinia zeylonica Jard. Sun Birds tab. 20. — Nectarinia philippensis Meyen. — Cinnyris sola Jerd. — Cinnyris nigralbus Less.   ...   569.  2. L. sperata Nob. — Certhia sperata Lin. Syst. Nat. No. 13. — Certhia affinis Shaw. Gen. Zool. VIII. p. 208. — Nectarinia coccinigaster Temm. Pl. col. 388. fig. 3. — Nectarinia affinis Jard. Sun Birds tab. 21.   ...   *) Von λεπτος, zart und κομη, ἡ  Haupthaar.  Kleine zierliche Formigen mit sammetartigem Gefieder, mittelmässigem, nicht stark gekrümmtem Schnabel, kurzen Läufen und kurzem fast geradem Schwanze.   Typus L. Hasselti. — Nectarinia Hasseltii Temm." (Cabanis 1853); "LEPTOCOMA Cabanis, 1851[=1853]  F — Nectarinia hasseltii Temminck, 1825; type by original designation = Certhia brasiliana J. F. Gmelin, 1788" (Dickinson & Christidis (eds.) 2014, 271).
Var. Leptcocoma.
Synon. Chalcostetha, Hermotimia, Nectarophila.

brasiliana / brasilianum / brasilianus / brasiliense / brasiliensis
Mod. L. Brasilianus or Brasiliensis  Brazilian, from Brazil. ‘Brasil’ was the name given to a dyewood long imported from the East. Pedro Cabral’s expedition in 1500 discovered a strange new tree of similar hue and gave it the same name, brasil or brazil, the name soon attaching itself to the country (e.g. Terra do Brasil,1530).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  brasiliensis.  30. P. brachyurus viridis, facie rubra, temporibus cæruleis.  Psittacus viridis brasiliensis. Edw. av. 161. t. 161.  Habitat in Brasilia.  Avis viridis flavo contaminata. Rubrum infra flexuram alæ & in exteriore latere rectricum 2. 2; cæruleum in latere exteriore remigum rectricumque primorum." (Linnaeus 1758) (Amazona). This name is the sixth toponym in avian nomenclature.
● ex “Mareca alia species” of Marcgrave 1648, “Anas brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Maréca” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mareca Duck” of Latham 1785 (Amazonetta).
● Erroneous TL. Brazil (= Cayenne) (syn. Attila spadiceus).
● ex “Tette-chèvre tacheté du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Ibijau” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Chordeiles acutipennis).
● ex “Caracara” of Marcgrave 1648 (syn. Circus buffoni).
● ex “Yellow-bellied Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Donacobius atricapilla).
● ex “Noctua Brasiliensibus Cabure dicta” of Ray 1713, “Asio Brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Caburé” or “Caboure” of Willughby 1767, “Hibou du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Brasilian Eared Owl” of Latham 1781 (Glaucidium).
● ex “Pica brasiliensis” of Seba 1734-1765 (unidentifiable), “Apiaster brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Merops rouge et bleu” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brasilian Bee-eater” of Latham 1782 (?syn. Haematoderus militaris; ?syn. Merops nubicus (per Cabanis & Heine, 1860, Mus. Heineanum, II, p. 141)).
● ex “Jacana alia species” (= ☼) of Marcgrave 1648, “Aguapecaca” of Willughby 1676 and Ray 1713, “Jacana armata” of Brisson 1760, “Jacana-péca” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brasilian Jacana” of Latham 1785 (syn. Jacana jacana).
● Erroneous TL. Brazil (= Java); ex “Grimpereau violet du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, “Guit-guit noir et violet” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Black and Violet Creeper” of Latham 1782 (Leptocoma).
● “Vieillot himself gave up the name M. octosetaceus as misleading, the bird having many more than eight feathers on the occiput” (Salvadori 1895) (syn. Mergus octosetaceus).
● ex “Majaque” of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713 (ex “Maiague” of Piso 1658), “Puffinus brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Puffin de Brésil” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brasilian Petrel” of Latham 1785 (Phalacrocorax).
● ex “Guiranheemgatu” of Marcgrave 1648 (subsp. Sicalis flaveola).
● ex “Tangara bleu du Brésil” of Brisson 1760 (Tangara).
● ex “Héron du Brésil” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Tigrisoma lineatum).
● Brazil and Cayenne; ex “Magoua” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Tinamus major).
●?Erroneous TL. Brazil (= Jamaica); ex “Small yellow and brown Bird” of Sloane 1725, “Icterus brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, and “Brasilian Oriole” of Latham 1782 (unident.)

SUBSPECIES

Van Hasselt's Sunbird (brasiliana)
Latin Name: Leptocoma brasiliana brasiliana
brasiliana / brasilianum / brasilianus / brasiliense / brasiliensis
Mod. L. Brasilianus or Brasiliensis  Brazilian, from Brazil. ‘Brasil’ was the name given to a dyewood long imported from the East. Pedro Cabral’s expedition in 1500 discovered a strange new tree of similar hue and gave it the same name, brasil or brazil, the name soon attaching itself to the country (e.g. Terra do Brasil,1530).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  brasiliensis.  30. P. brachyurus viridis, facie rubra, temporibus cæruleis.  Psittacus viridis brasiliensis. Edw. av. 161. t. 161.  Habitat in Brasilia.  Avis viridis flavo contaminata. Rubrum infra flexuram alæ & in exteriore latere rectricum 2. 2; cæruleum in latere exteriore remigum rectricumque primorum." (Linnaeus 1758) (Amazona). This name is the sixth toponym in avian nomenclature.
● ex “Mareca alia species” of Marcgrave 1648, “Anas brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Maréca” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mareca Duck” of Latham 1785 (Amazonetta).
● Erroneous TL. Brazil (= Cayenne) (syn. Attila spadiceus).
● ex “Tette-chèvre tacheté du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Ibijau” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Chordeiles acutipennis).
● ex “Caracara” of Marcgrave 1648 (syn. Circus buffoni).
● ex “Yellow-bellied Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Donacobius atricapilla).
● ex “Noctua Brasiliensibus Cabure dicta” of Ray 1713, “Asio Brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Caburé” or “Caboure” of Willughby 1767, “Hibou du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Brasilian Eared Owl” of Latham 1781 (Glaucidium).
● ex “Pica brasiliensis” of Seba 1734-1765 (unidentifiable), “Apiaster brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Merops rouge et bleu” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brasilian Bee-eater” of Latham 1782 (?syn. Haematoderus militaris; ?syn. Merops nubicus (per Cabanis & Heine, 1860, Mus. Heineanum, II, p. 141)).
● ex “Jacana alia species” (= ☼) of Marcgrave 1648, “Aguapecaca” of Willughby 1676 and Ray 1713, “Jacana armata” of Brisson 1760, “Jacana-péca” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brasilian Jacana” of Latham 1785 (syn. Jacana jacana).
● Erroneous TL. Brazil (= Java); ex “Grimpereau violet du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, “Guit-guit noir et violet” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Black and Violet Creeper” of Latham 1782 (Leptocoma).
● “Vieillot himself gave up the name M. octosetaceus as misleading, the bird having many more than eight feathers on the occiput” (Salvadori 1895) (syn. Mergus octosetaceus).
● ex “Majaque” of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713 (ex “Maiague” of Piso 1658), “Puffinus brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Puffin de Brésil” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brasilian Petrel” of Latham 1785 (Phalacrocorax).
● ex “Guiranheemgatu” of Marcgrave 1648 (subsp. Sicalis flaveola).
● ex “Tangara bleu du Brésil” of Brisson 1760 (Tangara).
● ex “Héron du Brésil” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Tigrisoma lineatum).
● Brazil and Cayenne; ex “Magoua” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Tinamus major).
●?Erroneous TL. Brazil (= Jamaica); ex “Small yellow and brown Bird” of Sloane 1725, “Icterus brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, and “Brasilian Oriole” of Latham 1782 (unident.)

Van Hasselt's Sunbird (emmae)
Latin Name: Leptocoma brasiliana emmae
emma / emmae
● Emma Karoline Wilhelmine von Bülow Gräfin von Berlepsch (1855-1937) wife of German ornithologist Hans Graf von Berlepsch (subsp. Aglaiocercus kingii, syn. Touit stictopterus).
● Emma Jabouille (fl. 1927) wife of French colonial administrator Pierre Jabouille in Indochina (subsp. Leptocoma brasiliana).
● Emma Salvadori née Jourdan (1846-1928) wife of Alfredo Salvadori and sister-in-law of Count Salvadori (Pyrrhura).
● Female eponym; perhaps after Emma Emilie Hartlaub (b. 1860) daughter of German ornithologist Carl Johan Gustav Hartlaub (Björn Bergenholtz in litt.), or a lapsus for emini (Hartlaub 1890, Journ. für Ornith., ser. 4, 18 (190), 152) (syn. Saxicola torquatus axillaris).

Van Hasselt's Sunbird (mecynorhyncha)
Latin Name: Leptocoma brasiliana mecynorhyncha
mecynorhyncha
Gr. μηκυνω mēkunō to prolong; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.

Van Hasselt's Sunbird (eumecis)
Latin Name: Leptocoma brasiliana eumecis
eumecis
Gr. ευμηκης eumēkēs long, great, tall  < ευ eu  fine; μηκος mēkos  might, greatness.

Van Hasselt's Sunbird (axantha)
Latin Name: Leptocoma brasiliana axantha
axantha
Gr. negative prefix α- a- ; ξανθος xanthos  yellow.

Van Hasselt's Sunbird (oenopa)
Latin Name: Leptocoma brasiliana oenopa
oenopa
Gr. οινωπος oinōpos ruddy (cf. οινοψ oinops, οινοπος oinopos wine-red, deep-red).