Calandrella Brachydactyla Bird

English Name:  Greater Short-toed Lark
Latin Name:  Calandrella brachydactyla
Protonym:  Alauda brachydactila Ann.Wett.Ges. 3 p.357 pl.19
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Alaudidae / Calandrella
Taxonomy Code:  gstlar1
Type Locality:  France and Italy = Montpellier, France.
Author:  Leisler
Publish Year:  1814
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CALANDRELLA
(Alaudidae; Ϯ Greater Short-toed Lark C. brachydactyla) Dim. <  Gr. καλανδρος kalandros  Calandra Lark; "11. Alauda brachydactyla.   ...   11. Kalandrelle. Calandrella. (Al. brachydactyla.)   Entw[ickelung]. Alle Formen werden etwas größer, das Gefieder einfacher und der Sporn der Hinterzehe gerade, wie beim Wiedehopf.   Char[akter]. Kalandarlerchen mit dünnem Schnabel.   Leb[ensart]. Sie gleichen hierin den Lerchen, besonders aber den Kalandarlerchen." (Kaup 1829); "Calandrella Kaup, 1829, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europäischen Thierw., p. 39. Type, by monotypy, Al. brachydactyla = Alauda brachydactyla Leisler." (Peters, 1960, IX, p. 44).
Var. Calandralla.
Synon. Calandritis, Coryphidea, Tephrocorys.

calandrella
Dim. < Italian name Calandrino for the Greater Short-toed Lark  <  French Calandrelle  <  Gr. καλανδρος kalandros  Calandra Lark (syn. Calandrella brachydactyla).

brachydactyla / brachydactylus
Gr. βραχυδακτυλος brakhudaktulos short-toed < βραχυς brakhus short; δακτυλος daktulos toe.
● ex “Fringilla brachydactyla” of Hemprich MS (Carpospiza).

Brachydactyla
(Certhiidae; ?syn. Certhia Ϯ Brachydactyla temminckii) Gr. βραχυδακτυλος brakhudaktulos  short-toed  < βραχυς brakhus  short; δακτυλος daktulos  toe; "Brachydactyla Temminckii.  Short-toe Temminck's" (J. Brooks 1828)

SUBSPECIES

Greater Short-toed Lark (brachydactyla)
Latin Name: Calandrella brachydactyla brachydactyla
brachydactyla / brachydactylus
Gr. βραχυδακτυλος brakhudaktulos short-toed < βραχυς brakhus short; δακτυλος daktulos toe.
● ex “Fringilla brachydactyla” of Hemprich MS (Carpospiza).

Greater Short-toed Lark (hungarica)
Latin Name: Calandrella brachydactyla hungarica
hungariae / hungarica / hungaricus
Mod. L. Hungaria Hungary  < Med. L. Hungarius  Hungarian  < Late Gr. Oυγγροι  Oungroi  < Turkic Onogur  Ogur tribes.

Greater Short-toed Lark (rubiginosa)
Latin Name: Calandrella brachydactyla rubiginosa
rubiginosa / rubiginosus
L. rubiginosus  rusty, ferruginous  < rubigo, rubiginis  rust  < rubeus  reddish.
● ex “Ardea naevia” of Miller 1776, and “Rusty-crowned Heron” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (syn. Nycticorax nycticorax).

Greater Short-toed Lark (woltersi)
Latin Name: Calandrella brachydactyla woltersi
woltersi
Hans Edmund Wolters (1915-1991) German ornithologist (syn. Amblyospiza albifrons, subsp. Calandrella brachydactyla, syn. Serinus serinus, subsp. Spermestes bicolor, syn. Vidua regia).

Greater Short-toed Lark (hermonensis)
Latin Name: Calandrella brachydactyla hermonensis
hermonensis / hermonis
Mt. Hermon / Jbal as-Shaiyk, Anti-Lebanon Range, Lebanon/Syria.

Greater Short-toed Lark (artemisiana)
Latin Name: Calandrella brachydactyla artemisiana
artemisiana
Botanical genus Artemisia Linnaeus, 1753, sagebrush  < Gr. myth. Artemis or Diana, the moon goddess skilled in the use of hallucinogenic plants.

Greater Short-toed Lark (longipennis)
Latin Name: Calandrella brachydactyla longipennis
longipennis
L. longus  long; -pennis  -winged, -feathered  < penna  feather.