Amphispiza Bilineata Bird

English Name:  Black-throated Sparrow
Latin Name:  Amphispiza bilineata
Protonym:  Emberiza bilineata Proc.Acad.Nat.Sci.Philadelphia 5 p.103 pl.3
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Passerellidae / Amphispiza
Taxonomy Code:  bktspa
Type Locality:  Texas, on Rio Grande.
Author:  Cassin
Publish Year:  1850
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

AMPHISPIZA
(Passerellidae; Ϯ Black-throated Sparrow A. bilineata) Gr. αμφι amphi  near, around; σπιζα spiza  finch  < σπιζω spizō  to chirp; “in allusion to the close relation of the genus to those [Junco, Peucaea] about it” (Coues 1882); "Neither of the North American species of so-called Poospiza has occurred, to my knowledge, in the Missouri region, but either may yet be found in the southwestern portion.  These birds seem scarcely congeneric with the type of Poospiza, Emberiza nigro-rufa, D'ORBIG., and in the extreme subdivision which at present obtains, may be distinguished under the following names:  AMPHISPIZA, Coues, n. g. (type Emberiza bilineata, Cass.)   AMPHISPIZA BILINEATA, Coues.   ...   AMPHISPIZA BELLII, Coues." (Coues 1874); "Amphispiza Coues, in U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Misc. Pub., 3 (Birds Northwest), p. 234, 1874—type, by orig. desig., Emberiza bilineata Cassin." (Hellmayr, 1938, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. XI, p. 539). 

bilineata / bilineatus
Mod. L. bilineatus  double-striped  < L. bi-  two-  < bis  twice; lineatus  lined  < linea  line  < linum  thread  < Gr. λινον linon  flax, thread.

SUBSPECIES

Black-throated Sparrow (bilineata)
Latin Name: Amphispiza bilineata bilineata
bilineata / bilineatus
Mod. L. bilineatus  double-striped  < L. bi-  two-  < bis  twice; lineatus  lined  < linea  line  < linum  thread  < Gr. λινον linon  flax, thread.

Black-throated Sparrow (opuntia)
Latin Name: Amphispiza bilineata opuntia
opuntia
Botanical genus Opuntia Miller, 1754, cactus  < L. Opuntius  of Opus, a town of Locris, Greece.

Black-throated Sparrow (deserticola)
Latin Name: Amphispiza bilineata deserticola
deserticola
L. desertum  desert  < deserere  to abandon; -cola  -dweller  < colere  to dwell.

Black-throated Sparrow (bangsi)
Latin Name: Amphispiza bilineata bangsi
bangsi
Outram Bangs (1863-1932) US zoologist, collector (syn. Aethopyga gouldiae dabryii, Amazilia rutila x Amazilia tzacatl, subsp. Amphispiza bilineata, syn. Automolus leucophthalmus, subsp. Buteogallus anthracinus, syn. Catharus aurantiirostris melpomene, subsp. Cuculus canorus, syn. Cyanoderma ruficeps davidi, syn. Emberiza godlewskii omissa, syn. Galerida deva, Grallaria, subsp. Halcyon coromanda, subsp. Hapalocrex flaviventer, subsp. Henicorhina leucophrys, syn. Hydrobates castro, subsp. Leptotila verreauxi, syn. Loxia curvirostra himalayensis, subsp. Manacus manacus, syn. Mirafra cantillans, syn. Myiarchus tuberculifer nigricapillus, syn. Parus major nigriloris, subsp. Peucaea carpalis, subsp. Prinia crinigera, syn. Pterocles orientalis arenarius, subsp. Quiscalus niger, syn. Sheppardia sharpei, subsp. Sitta villosa, subsp. Sterna dougallii, subsp. Tachybaptus dominicus, subsp. Tangara gyrola, subsp. Xiphorhynchus triangularis).

Black-throated Sparrow (tortugae)
Latin Name: Amphispiza bilineata tortugae
tortugae / tortugensis
● Isla Tortuga, Baja California, Mexico (Spanish tortuga  turtle) (subsp. Amphispiza bilineata).
● Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela (subsp. Eupsittula pertinax, subsp. Sublegatus arenarum, subsp. Tiaris bicolor).
● Tortuga I. (= Tortue), Hispaniola (subsp. Vireo griseus).

Black-throated Sparrow (carmenae)
Latin Name: Amphispiza bilineata carmenae
carmenae
Isla Carmen, Bahía Salinas, Baja California, Mexico.

Black-throated Sparrow (belvederei)
Latin Name: Amphispiza bilineata belvederei
belvederei
Belvedere Scientific Fund, San Francisco, USA, sponsor of scientific expeditions to the Gulf of Mexico, established by Kenneth Bechtel and Dr Joseph Wood Krutch (subsp. Amphispiza bilineata).

Black-throated Sparrow (cana)
Latin Name: Amphispiza bilineata cana
cana
L. canus grey, hoary.
● ex “Echenilleur Gris” of Levaillant 1805, pll. 162, 163 (syn. Coracina caesia).
● ex “Muscicapa madagascariensis cinerea major” of Brisson 1760, “Grand Gobe-mouche cendré de Madagascar” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 541, “Kinki-manou de Madagascar” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Ash-coloured Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (syn. Coracina cinerea).
● ex “Ash-coloured Heron” of Pennant 1787 (syn. Nycticorax nycticorax).
● ex “Figuier cendré à gorge cendrée” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Grey-throated Warbler” of Latham 1783 and Pennant 1785 (syn. Polioptila caerulea).
● ex “Héoro-taire gris” of Audebert & Vieillot 1802 (?syn. Ptilotula fusca).
● ex “Grey-headed Duck” of Brown 1776, “Oie sauvage à tête grise de la côte de Coromandel” of Sonnerat 1782, and “Grey-headed Goose” of Latham 1785 (Tadorna).
● "96. LOXIA.  ...  cana.  27. L. cana, remigibus rectricibusque fuscis, pedibus rubris.  Linaria cinerea orientalis. Edw. av. 179. t. 179. f. 1.  Habitat in Asia.  Margines rectricum & oris regio albida." (Linnaeus 1758) (unident.).

Black-throated Sparrow (pacifica)
Latin Name: Amphispiza bilineata pacifica
pacifica
L. pacificus  peaceful  < pax, pacis  peace; facere  to make. The Pacific Ocean was so-named by the Portuguese explorer Fernão de Magalhães or Magellan in 1520, contrasting its calm waters with the stormy seas of Cape Horn  The toponym refers to islands in the Pacific Ocean as well as localities on Pacific Ocean coasts.
● New Caledonia; ex “Pacific Shrike” of Latham 1781 (syn. Aplonis striata).
● New South Wales, Australia; ex “Pacific Heron” of Latham 1785 (Ardea).
● Pacific Ocean; ex “Pacific Petrel” of Latham 1785; "Inhabits Euopoa, and other islands of the Pacific Ocean." (Ardenna).
● Erroneous TL. Friendly Is. (= Hawaii); ex “Great Hook-billed Creeper” of Latham 1782 (‡Drepanis).
● Tonga Is.; ex “Ferruginous-vented Pigeon” of Latham 1783 (Ducula).
● Erroneous TL. Friendly Isles, Pacific Ocean (= Jamaica) (syn. Geotrygon versicolor).
● Botany Bay, New Holland; ex “Pacific Paroquet (var.)” of Phillip 1789 (syn. Glossopsitta concinna).
● Tahiti; ex “Pacific Rail” of Latham 1785 (Hypotaenidia).
● Pacific Islands; ex “Pacific Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Lalage maculosa).

Black-throated Sparrow (grisea)
Latin Name: Amphispiza bilineata grisea
grisea
Med. L. griseum, griseus or grisius  grey.
● ex “Dark Grey Petrel” of Cook 1777, and “Grey Petrel” of Latham 1785 (Ardenna).
● ex “Crabier de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 908 (syn. Butorides striata).
● ex “Calidris grisea” of Brisson 1760, “Maubèche grise” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 366, and “Grisled Sandpiper” of Latham 1785 (syn. Calidris canutus).
● ex “Tourterelle de Cayenne” of Holandre 1790 (syn. Columbina minuta).
● ex “Grimpereau gris de la Chine” of Sonnerat 1782 (?syn. Dicaeum sp., ?syn. Orthotomus sp.)
● ex “Alouette grise de Gingi” of Sonnerat 1782 (Eremopterix).
● ex “Grisin de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 643, figs. 1, 2, and “Grisly Warbler” of Latham 1783 (Formicivora).
● ex “Grignet” of Levaillant 1803, pl. 126 (syn. Parisoma subcaeruleum).
● ex “Matuitui” of Willughby 1676, “Numenius americanus minor” of Brisson 1760, “Matuitui des rivages” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Grey Ibis” of Latham 1785 (syn. Theristicus melanopis).
● ex “Merle gris de Gingi” of Sonnerat 1782, and “Grey Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Turdoides affinis).
● ex “Tangara olive de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 714, fig. 1, “Gris-Olive” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Grey Tanager” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Vireo griseus).
● ex “Cotinga gris de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 699 (?syn. Xipholena punicea).
● ex “Martin Gris-de-Fer” of Levaillant 1801, pl. 95, fig. 2 (Gracula artefact).
● ex “Avis gonambucho Americana” of Seba 1734, “Bruant de Surinam” of Brisson 1760, “Gonambouch” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Grey Bunting” of Latham 1783 (unident.).
● ex “Grey-necked Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (unident.).
● ex “Coquantototl, avicula cristata, forma passeris” of Seba 1734-1765, “Manacus cristatus griseus” of Brisson 1760, and “Grey Manakin” of Latham 1783 (unident.).
● "Sporophila intermedia Cabanis  ...  Loxia grisea Gmelin (Syst. Nat., 1, [2], p. 857, 1789) was long used for the above species. The name rests exclusively upon "Le Gros-Bec de Virginie" Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 393, fig. 1, called by Buffon "Le Grisalbin." The rather poor figure shows a blackish bill, white throat, and whitish superciliaries, and I am inclined to agree with Chubb (Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, p. 35, 1920) that the name is better dropped as undeterminable." (Hellmayr 1938, XIII, 176) (unident.).