Panurus Biarmicus Bird

English Name:  Bearded Reedling
Latin Name:  Panurus biarmicus
Protonym:  [Parus] biarmicus Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.190
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Panuridae / Panurus
Taxonomy Code:  bearee1
Type Locality:  Europe; restricted to Holstein, by Hartert, 1907, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 403.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

PANURUS
(Panuridae; Ϯ Bearded Reedling P. biarmicus) Gr. πανυ panu exceedingly  < πας pas, παν pan  all; -ουρος -ouros  -tailed  < ουρα oura  tail; "XLV. Gattung. Sumpfmeise. Panurus. (Tab. V. B. Fig. 43.)  Schnabel: Klein, am Grunde rund, etwas kegelförmig, und sehr spitz; die obere Kinnlade  länger als die untere, vom Grunde aus sanft gebogen, über den Rücken rund, und in der Gegend der Nasenlöcher etwas flach; die untere Kinnlade kleiner und schmäler als die obere; die Mundkanten ziemlich stark eingezogen.  Nasenlöcher: Fast, doch nicht ganz am Schnabelgrunde, länglich, schmal, vorwärts etwas spitz auslaufend; über denselben mit einer aufgetriebenen Hautschwiele versehen, und mit Federchen bedeckt.  Zunge: Knochenartig hart, von oben stumpf kegelförmig, etwas dünn, mit erhöheten Seitenrändern, daher besonders nach der Spitze rinnenförmig; die Spitze stumpf, und von unten mit einem getheilten weichen Fortsatz versehen; der Hinterrand ausgeschnitten, und mit einer Reihe kammartiger Zähne versehen, diese Zähne nach außen zu stärker werdend; die Seitenränder hinten zahnlos.   ...   Sie haben sehr kleine, kaum die Schwanzwurzeln erreichende Flügel, aber einen sehr langen Schwanz.   ...   119. Bartige Sumpfmeise. Panurus biarmicus." (Koch 1816); "Panurus Koch, 1816, Syst. baier. Zool., 1, p. 201, pl. 5, B, fig. 43. Type, by monotypy, Parus biarmicus Linnaeus." (Deignan in Peters 1964, X, 430). Because of its short bill and general appearance the long-tailed Bearded Reedling was formerly treated as a parrotbill Paradoxornithidae, and is still widely known as Bearded Tit or Beardie amongst British birdwatchers.
Synon. Aegithalus, Biarmicus, Calamophilus, Hypenites, Laniellus, Mystacinus.

biarmicus
● Temminck 1825, believed the original Linnaean epithet of “biarmicus” (see below under Panurus) meant ‘bearded’ when he gave that name to the Lanner Falcon (“Faucon biarmique”), with reference to its moustached appearance (see below under Thripias namaquus) (cf. "The species name biarmicus comes from the Latin bi and armicus for 'two' and 'armed', apparently in reference to the bill's tip and 'tooth'." (Clark & Davies 2018)) (Falco).
● According to Newton & Gadow 1896, the Bearded Reedling was named, erroneously, after Biarmia, an old name for the district of Perm in northern Russia, and this etymology is supported by BOU 1915, and Tyrberg in litt.: “Bjarmaland, the old Norse name for the area around the White Sea. This name is first mentioned in the voyage of Ohthere which is appended to Alfred the Great’s edition [c. 890 AD] of Orosius, but it is also mentioned in several Norse sagas, and the name was well known to mediaeval Scandinavian chroniclers ... The name was latinized as Biarmia, and this is the form used by Olaus Magnus in his Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus (1555) and in his map of northern Europe (1567), though by this time Biarmia had become a semi-mythical region somewhere northeast of Sweden and Finland. Olaus Magnus’ History was certainly known by Linnaeus ... It is not clear why Linnaeus should have associated the Bearded Tit with this area, but the fact that at least in Fauna Svecica (1761) and the twelfth edition of Systema Naturae he partially confused the Bearded Tit and the Long-tailed Tit may have some bearing on this” (cf. Albin’s 1738, names “Beardmanica” and “Beard Manica from Juteland” for this bird); "100. PARUS.  ...  biarmicus.  8. P. vertice cano, cauda corpore longiore.  Parus beardmanicus. Alb. av. I. p. 46. t. 48.  Lanius minimus. Edw. av. 55. t. 55.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Panurus).
● ex “Pic à Doubles Moustaches” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 251. "Picus biarmicus (!)**) Cuv. in Mus. Paris.  ...  **) Die Bartmeise (Panurus biarmicus Koch) wurde zuerst in Perm (= Biarmien) entdeckt und desshalb von Linné als Parus biarmicus beschrieben; Cuvier sowohl wie Temminck nahmen nun diesen Namen irrthümlich genug nicht als geographisches Adjectivum sondern glaubten, durch die Anfangssylbe bi, welche sie auf bis deuteten, verleitet, derselbe heisse soviel als "mit zwei Bartstreifen"!!, und nannten so jener den vorliegenden africanischen Laubspecht dieser den cap'schen Edelfalken biarmicus." (Cabanis & Heine 1863) (syn. Thripias namaquus).

Biarmicus
(Panuridae; syn. Panurus † Bearded Tit P. biarmicus) Specific name Parus biarmicus Linnaeus, 1758; "Biarmicus Russicus (künftig sollen Sie bessere erhalten)" (C. Brehm 1881); "Biarmicus C. Brehm in Homeyer, 1881, Ornithol. Briefe, p. 52.  This name, from a letter dated 17 Dec. 1836, is probably a lapsus for Mystacinus Boie, 1822." (JAJ 2020).

SUBSPECIES

Bearded Reedling (biarmicus)
Latin Name: Panurus biarmicus biarmicus
biarmicus
● Temminck 1825, believed the original Linnaean epithet of “biarmicus” (see below under Panurus) meant ‘bearded’ when he gave that name to the Lanner Falcon (“Faucon biarmique”), with reference to its moustached appearance (see below under Thripias namaquus) (cf. "The species name biarmicus comes from the Latin bi and armicus for 'two' and 'armed', apparently in reference to the bill's tip and 'tooth'." (Clark & Davies 2018)) (Falco).
● According to Newton & Gadow 1896, the Bearded Reedling was named, erroneously, after Biarmia, an old name for the district of Perm in northern Russia, and this etymology is supported by BOU 1915, and Tyrberg in litt.: “Bjarmaland, the old Norse name for the area around the White Sea. This name is first mentioned in the voyage of Ohthere which is appended to Alfred the Great’s edition [c. 890 AD] of Orosius, but it is also mentioned in several Norse sagas, and the name was well known to mediaeval Scandinavian chroniclers ... The name was latinized as Biarmia, and this is the form used by Olaus Magnus in his Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus (1555) and in his map of northern Europe (1567), though by this time Biarmia had become a semi-mythical region somewhere northeast of Sweden and Finland. Olaus Magnus’ History was certainly known by Linnaeus ... It is not clear why Linnaeus should have associated the Bearded Tit with this area, but the fact that at least in Fauna Svecica (1761) and the twelfth edition of Systema Naturae he partially confused the Bearded Tit and the Long-tailed Tit may have some bearing on this” (cf. Albin’s 1738, names “Beardmanica” and “Beard Manica from Juteland” for this bird); "100. PARUS.  ...  biarmicus.  8. P. vertice cano, cauda corpore longiore.  Parus beardmanicus. Alb. av. I. p. 46. t. 48.  Lanius minimus. Edw. av. 55. t. 55.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Panurus).
● ex “Pic à Doubles Moustaches” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 251. "Picus biarmicus (!)**) Cuv. in Mus. Paris.  ...  **) Die Bartmeise (Panurus biarmicus Koch) wurde zuerst in Perm (= Biarmien) entdeckt und desshalb von Linné als Parus biarmicus beschrieben; Cuvier sowohl wie Temminck nahmen nun diesen Namen irrthümlich genug nicht als geographisches Adjectivum sondern glaubten, durch die Anfangssylbe bi, welche sie auf bis deuteten, verleitet, derselbe heisse soviel als "mit zwei Bartstreifen"!!, und nannten so jener den vorliegenden africanischen Laubspecht dieser den cap'schen Edelfalken biarmicus." (Cabanis & Heine 1863) (syn. Thripias namaquus).

Bearded Reedling (russicus)
Latin Name: Panurus biarmicus russicus
russicus
Mod. L. Russicus  Russian  < Rossia  Russia  < Med. L. Russia  Russia  < Russian Rusî.

Bearded Reedling (kosswigi)
Latin Name: Panurus biarmicus kosswigi
kosswigi
Prof. Dr Curt Kosswig (1903-1982) German zoologist, geneticist, Director of Zoological Institute, Istanbul University 1951-1969 (subsp. Panurus biarmicus).