Tchagra Australis Bird

English Name:  Brown-crowned Tchagra
Latin Name:  Tchagra australis
Protonym:  Melaconotus australis Rep.Exped.Centr.Afr. p.44
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Malaconotidae / Tchagra
Taxonomy Code:  brctch1
Type Locality:  north of Kurrichaine.
Author:  Smith, A
Publish Year:  1836
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

TCHAGRA
(Malaconotidae; Ϯ Southern Tchagra T. tchagra) Based on "Tchagra" of Levaillant 1800, and Thamnophilus tchagra Vieillot, 1816; "IV.^e Sous-genre. TCHAGRA; Tchagra.  Laniarius, Vieill.  Bec médiocre, élevé, fort, très-comprimé, très-crochu; tarses plus alongés. Queue assez longue, ample, arrondie et étagée; les espèces sont d'Afrique.    1.º Lanius boulboul, Shaw; Levaill., pl. 68.  Du Cap.    2.º Lanius senegalensis, Shaw; Levaill., pl. 70; le Tchagra; Lanius collurio, var., Gm.  Du Cap.    3.º Lanius bacbakiri, Shaw; Levaill., Afriq., pl. 67; Turdus ceylonus Gm.; Enl., 272. Du Cap. La femelle est vert olivâtre.    4.º Lanius barbarus, Gm.; le Gonoleck, Enl., 56. Du Sénégal." (Lesson 1831); "Tchagra Lesson, 1831, Traité d'Orn., p. 373. Type, by virtual tautonymy, "le Tchagra" Levaillant = Thamnophilus tchagra Vieillot (see Sclater, in Shelley's Birds Afr., 5, p. 361, 380)." (Rand in Peters 1960, IX, 320).
Var. Tschagra.
Synon. Harpolestes, Orthotchagra, Pomatorhynchus, Psalter, Telophonus, Tschagroides.

tchagra
French onomatopoeia “Tchagra”, given to the Southern Tchagra by Levaillant 1800, pl. 70, in imitation of its incessant calls “tch tcha tcha gra” (Tchagra).

australe / australis
L. australis  southern  < auster, austri  south.
● Tierra del Fuego; ex “Thorn-tailed Warbler” of Latham 1783 (syn. Aphrastura spinicauda).
● Cayenne; ex “Southern Sandpiper” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Calidris canutus).
● Erroneous TL "Friendly Islands" (= Tasmania); ex "South-Sea Raven" of Latham 1781 (syn. Corvus coronoides).
● Erroneous TL. New Guinea (= Luzon, Philippines); ex “Manikor de la Nouvelle Guinée” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Dicaeum).
● Australia; ex “New Holland Snipe” of Latham 1801 (syn. Gallinago hardwickii).
● Australia; ex “Pacific Paroquet (var.)” of Phillip 1789 (syn. Glossopsitta concinna).
● Australia; ex “New Holland Pelican” of Latham 1824 (syn. Pelecanus conspicillatus).
● Australia; ex “Cold-river Goatsucker” of Latham 1823 (syn. Podargus strigoides).
● Australia; ex “New Holland Quail” of Latham 1802 (Synoicus).
● Tasmania; ex Brown MS (syn. Lathamus discolor).
● Dusky Sound, New Zealand (syn. Nestor meridionalis).
● Staten I., off Tierra del Fuego (= Isla de los Estados, Argentina); ex “Statenland Eagle” of Latham 1781 (Phalcoboenus).
● Christmas I.; ex "Southern Tern" of Latham 1785 (syn. Procelsterna caerulea) (so identified by Stresemann 1950).
● Kerguelen I.; ex “Southern Tern” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Sterna vittata).
● Madagascar; ex “Palumbus viridis Madagascariensis” of Brisson 1760 (Treron).
● Erroneous TL. Sandwich Is. (= Samoa); ex “Blue-crested Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (Vini).
● Tierra del Fuego; ex “Rusty-collared Finch” of Latham 1783 (subsp. Zonotrichia capensis).

SUBSPECIES

Brown-crowned Tchagra (ussheri)
Latin Name: Tchagra australis ussheri
ussheri
Herbert Taylor Ussher (1836-1880) British diplomat at the Gold Coast 1866-1872, Gov. of Labuan, Borneo 1875-1879, Gov. of Gold Coast 1879-1880 (syn. Baeopogon indicator leucurus, Bradornis, Erythropitta, subsp. Indicator minor, subsp. Pholidornis rushiae, Scotopelia, syn. Sylvia borin, subsp. Tchagra australis, Telacanthura).

Brown-crowned Tchagra (emini)
Latin Name: Tchagra australis emini
emini
Mehmet Emin Bey, later Emin Pasha, the adopted name of Dr Eduard Carl Oscar Theodor Schnitzer (1840-1892) German administrator in the Ottoman service, Pasha of Equatorial Province, Egyptian Sudan 1878-1889, physician, naturalist, collector, murdered by Arab slave-traders (subsp. Agapornis swindernianus, subsp. Argya rubiginosa, syn. Aviceda cuculoides verreauxi, subsp. Cecropis daurica, subsp. Cisticola aberrans, syn. Cisticola chiniana humilis, syn. Cisticola woosnami, syn. Coturnix adansonii, subsp. Criniger calurus, syn. Glareola nuchalis, subsp. Lamprotornis chalcurus, subsp. Ploceus baglafecht, syn. Prodotiscus insignis, syn. Pseudonigrita arnaudi dorsalis, syn. Pterocles exustus, syn. Pternistis icterorhynchus, syn. Ptilopachus petrosus, subsp. Pytilia phoenicoptera, subsp. Rhinopomastus aterrimus, subsp. Rhinoptilus cinctus, subsp. Salpornis salvadori, subsp. Sporopipes frontalis, subsp. Tauraco schuettii, subsp. Tchagra australis, subsp. Terpsiphone rufiventer, Trachyphonus, subsp. Turdoides jardineii).
● See: eminibey

Brown-crowned Tchagra (minor)
Latin Name: Tchagra australis minor
minor
L. minor  smaller  < comp. parvus  small. “Comparative names ... Specific names expressive of comparative size are also to be avoided, as they may be rendered inaccurate by the after-discovery of additional species. The names ... maximus, minor, minimus, etc. are examples of this objectionable practice” (Strickland Code 1842).
● ex “Short-eared Owl” of Pennant 1761 (syn. Asio flammeus).
● ex “Little Thrush” of Catesby 1731-1743, Edwards 1758-1764, Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785, “Turdus iliacus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, and “Grivette de l’Amérique” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Catharus fuscescens).
● ex “Whip-poor-will” of Catesby 1731 (Chordeiles).
● ex “Coucou des palétuviers de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 813, “Petit Vieillard” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mangrove Cuckow” of Latham 1782 (Coccyzus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  minor.  12. P. albo nigroque varius vertice rubro, ano albido.  Picus albo nigroque varius, rectricibus tribus lateralibus seminigris. Fn. svec. 83. Hasselqv. iter. 242.  Picus varius tertius. Raj. av. 43.  Picus varius minor. Alb. av. I. p. 20. t. 20.  Habitat in Europa.” (Linnaeus 1758) (Dryobates).
● ex “Fregata minor” of Brisson 1760, “Petite Frégate” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Man of War Bird” of Edwards 1760, and “Lesser Frigate Pelican” of Latham 1785 (Fregata).
● ex “Petit Indicateur” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 242 (Indicator).
● ex “Pie-grièsche d’Italie” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 32, fig. 1 (Lanius).
● ex “Perruche à ailes noires” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Petite perruche de l’isle de Luçon, 4ème ésp.” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Luzonian Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (syn. Loriculus philippensis).
● ex “Apiaster Philippensis minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Merops viridis americanus).
● ex “Little Woodcock” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (Microptera).
● ex “Troupiale de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 606, fig. 1, “Petit Troupiale noir” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Lesser black Oriole” of Latham 1782 (syn. Molothrus ater).
● ex “Lesser Bird of Paradise” of Latham 1783 (Paradisaea).
● ex “Barbican à ventre rose” of Levaillant 1806 (Pogonornis).
● ex “Porphyrio minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Porphyrula martinica).
● ex “Colymbus fluviatilis” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Tachybaptus ruficollis).
● ex “Huppe d’Afrique” of Audebert & Vieillot 1800-1802 (syn. Upupa africana).
● ex “Ringvia” of Brünnich 1764, and “Lesser Guillemot” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Uria aalge).

Brown-crowned Tchagra (rhodesiensis)
Latin Name: Tchagra australis rhodesiensis
rhodesiae / rhodesiensis
The Rhodesias incorporated lands administered until the early 1920s by the British South Africa Company, including Mashonaland, Matabeleland and Manicaland (later Southern Rhodesia / Zimbabwe), and North-East Rhodesia and North-West Rhodesia (later Northern Rhodesia / Zambia).

Brown-crowned Tchagra (ansorgei)
Latin Name: Tchagra australis ansorgei
ansorgeanus / ansorgei / ansorgii
Prof. Dr William John Ansorge (1850-1913) British physician in Mauritius, Uganda and Nigeria, zoologist, collector, explorer in tropical Africa (subsp. Acrocephalus rufescens, subsp. Anthoscopus caroli, subsp. Anthus leucophrys, syn. Apalis rufogularis angolensis, syn. Apus caffer, subsp. Calendulauda sabota, syn. Chlorophoneus bocagei, syn. Cinnyris reichenowi, subsp. Cisticola rufilatus, subsp. Criniger barbatus, Dyaphorophyia, syn. Eremomela atricollis, syn. Erythropygia leucophrys munda, subsp. Euplectes gierowii, syn. Euplectes progne delacouri, Eurillas, subsp. Indicator willcocksi, subsp. Lagonosticta rhodopareia, syn. Melaenornis infuscatus benguellensis, syn. Myioparus griseigularis, Nesocharis, syn. Numida meleagris reichenowi, subsp. Ortygospiza atricollis, subsp. Parisoma subcaeruleum, subsp. Parmoptila woodhousei, subsp. Plocepasser mahali, subsp. Prinia flavicans, subsp. Pterocles bicinctus, syn. Sarothrura rufa, subsp. Sylvia abyssinica, syn. Sylvia subcoerulea iohannis, subsp. Sylvietta rufescens, subsp. Tchagra australis, subsp. Treron calvus, subsp. Tricholaema hirsuta, Xenocopsychus).

Brown-crowned Tchagra (bocagei)
Latin Name: Tchagra australis bocagei
bocagei
Prof. José Vicente Barboza du Bocage (1823-1907) Portuguese ornithologist, father of Angolan ornithology (Bostrychia, Chlorophoneus, syn. Cinnyricinclus leucogaster verreauxi, Coccopygia, syn. Cyanoderma chrysaeum frigidum, subsp. Euplectes axillaris, subsp. Illadopsis rufipennis, subsp. Lybius torquatus, Sheppardia, subsp. Tchagra australis, syn. Tockus deckeni, subsp. Turdus pelios).

Brown-crowned Tchagra (souzae)
Latin Name: Tchagra australis souzae
sousae / souzae
● Dr Américo Baptista de Sousa (fl. 1945) Portuguese Provincial Commissioner at Vila Cabral, Mozambique (Artisornis).
● José Augusto de Sousa (1837-1889) Portuguese ornithologist (syn. Estrilda astrild jagoensis, Lanius, subsp. Tchagra australis).

Brown-crowned Tchagra (australis)
Latin Name: Tchagra australis australis
australe / australis
L. australis  southern  < auster, austri  south.
● Tierra del Fuego; ex “Thorn-tailed Warbler” of Latham 1783 (syn. Aphrastura spinicauda).
● Cayenne; ex “Southern Sandpiper” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Calidris canutus).
● Erroneous TL "Friendly Islands" (= Tasmania); ex "South-Sea Raven" of Latham 1781 (syn. Corvus coronoides).
● Erroneous TL. New Guinea (= Luzon, Philippines); ex “Manikor de la Nouvelle Guinée” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Dicaeum).
● Australia; ex “New Holland Snipe” of Latham 1801 (syn. Gallinago hardwickii).
● Australia; ex “Pacific Paroquet (var.)” of Phillip 1789 (syn. Glossopsitta concinna).
● Australia; ex “New Holland Pelican” of Latham 1824 (syn. Pelecanus conspicillatus).
● Australia; ex “Cold-river Goatsucker” of Latham 1823 (syn. Podargus strigoides).
● Australia; ex “New Holland Quail” of Latham 1802 (Synoicus).
● Tasmania; ex Brown MS (syn. Lathamus discolor).
● Dusky Sound, New Zealand (syn. Nestor meridionalis).
● Staten I., off Tierra del Fuego (= Isla de los Estados, Argentina); ex “Statenland Eagle” of Latham 1781 (Phalcoboenus).
● Christmas I.; ex "Southern Tern" of Latham 1785 (syn. Procelsterna caerulea) (so identified by Stresemann 1950).
● Kerguelen I.; ex “Southern Tern” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Sterna vittata).
● Madagascar; ex “Palumbus viridis Madagascariensis” of Brisson 1760 (Treron).
● Erroneous TL. Sandwich Is. (= Samoa); ex “Blue-crested Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (Vini).
● Tierra del Fuego; ex “Rusty-collared Finch” of Latham 1783 (subsp. Zonotrichia capensis).

Brown-crowned Tchagra (damarensis)
Latin Name: Tchagra australis damarensis
damarensis
Damaraland, Namibia.