Phalacrocorax Auritus Bird

English Name:  Double-crested Cormorant
Latin Name:  Phalacrocorax auritus
Protonym:  Carbo auritus TraitedOrn. livr.8 p.605
Taxonomy:  Suliformes / Phalacrocoracidae / Phalacrocorax
Taxonomy Code:  doccor
Type Locality:  New Zealand; error, North America.
Author:  Lesson
Publish Year:  1831
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

PHALACROCORAX
(Phalacrocoracidae; Ϯ Great Cormorant P. carbo) L. phalacrocorax, phalacrocoracis  cormorant  < Gr. φαλακροκοραξ phalakrokorax,  φαλακροκορακος phalakrokorakos  cormorant  < φαλακρος phalakros  bald-headed  < φαλος phalos  white; ακρος akros  topmost; κοραξ korax, κορακος korakos  raven  < κρωζω krōzō  to croak; "LE CORMORAN  ...  PHALACROCORAX  ...  Juxta maris littora versatur, paludesque frequentat. Modo in rupibus, modo in arboribus excelsis nidificat" (Brisson 1760): based on "Phalacrocorax" and "Corvus aquaticus" of many authors, "Carbo aquaticus" of Gessner 1555, and Linnaeus 1748, "Morfex" of Gessner 1555, Aldrovandus 1599-1603, Jonston 1650-1653, and Charleton 1668, "Nonnullis" of Gessner 1555, Schwenckfeld 1603, and Klein 1750, "Pelecanus subtus albicans" of Linnaeus 1746, "Plancus Corvus" of Klein 1750, and Pelecanus Carbo Linnaeus, 1758; "Phalacrocorax Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 60. Type, by tautonymy, Phalacrocorax = Pelecanus carbo Linné." (Peters 1931, 1, 85). The Great Cormorant was formerly trained in England to catch fish, but that necessary pastime can now only be seen in the Far East.   
Var. Phalaciocorax, Phalocrocorax, Phalarocorax, Phelacrocorax.   
Synon. Anacarbo, Botaurites, Carbo, Carbonarius, Compsohalieus, Cormoranus, Dilophalieus, Ecmeles, Enygrotheres, Euleucocarbo, Graculus, Graucalus, Gripeus, Gulosus, Halieus, Hydrocorax, Hypoleucus, Leucocarbo, Mesocarbo, Nannopterum, Nesocarbo, Notocarbo, Oligocorax, Pallasicarbo, Paracorax, Pliocarbo, Poikilocarbo, Pseudocarbo, Stictocarbo, Urile, Viguacarbo.
● (syn. Rynchops Ϯ Black Skimmer R. niger) "109. ZWEMMERGANS, in het Latyn Phalacrocorax.  Vogel van Madras met een scheermes-snabel.  PETIVER by RAY. Syn. Av. 194. f. 5." (Moehring 1758).

phalacrocorax
L. phalacrocorax, phalacrocoracis  cormorant  < Gr. φαλακροκοραξ phalakrokorax, φαλακροκορακος phalakrokorakos  cormorant  < φαλακρος phalakros  bald-headed  < φαλος phalos  white; ακρος akros  topmost; κοραξ korax, κορακος korakos  raven  < κρωζω krōzō  to croak.
● ex Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760 (syn. Phalacrocorax carbo).

auritum / auritus
L. auritus  eared, long-eared  < auris  ear.
● ex “Mellisuga Cayennensis major” of Brisson 1760, “Oiseau-mouche à oreilles” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Violet-eared Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (Heliothryx).
● ex “Sarcelle mâle de Madagascar” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 770 (Nettapus).
● ex "Cormoran dilophe" of Vieillot 1825 (Phalacrocorax).
● "68. COLYMBUS.  ...  auritus.  3. C. pedibus lobatis, capite nigro, auribus cristato-ferrugineis. Fn. Svec. 123.  Colymbus s. Podiceps minor. Aldr. orn. l. 19. c. 52. Will. orn. 258. t. 61. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 322. t. 271. f. 1. Raj. av. 125. Mars. danub. 82. t. 39. Alb. av. 2. p. 70. t. 76. Edw. av. 145. t. 145. & 96. l. 96.  Habitat in summis Europæ & Americæ lacubus.  Nidum natantem conficit." (Linnaeus 1758) (Podiceps).
● ex “Passarage Bustard” of Latham 1787 (syn. Sypheotides indicus).

SUBSPECIES

Double-crested Cormorant (auritus)
Latin Name: Phalacrocorax auritus auritus
auritum / auritus
L. auritus  eared, long-eared  < auris  ear.
● ex “Mellisuga Cayennensis major” of Brisson 1760, “Oiseau-mouche à oreilles” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Violet-eared Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (Heliothryx).
● ex “Sarcelle mâle de Madagascar” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 770 (Nettapus).
● ex "Cormoran dilophe" of Vieillot 1825 (Phalacrocorax).
● "68. COLYMBUS.  ...  auritus.  3. C. pedibus lobatis, capite nigro, auribus cristato-ferrugineis. Fn. Svec. 123.  Colymbus s. Podiceps minor. Aldr. orn. l. 19. c. 52. Will. orn. 258. t. 61. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 322. t. 271. f. 1. Raj. av. 125. Mars. danub. 82. t. 39. Alb. av. 2. p. 70. t. 76. Edw. av. 145. t. 145. & 96. l. 96.  Habitat in summis Europæ & Americæ lacubus.  Nidum natantem conficit." (Linnaeus 1758) (Podiceps).
● ex “Passarage Bustard” of Latham 1787 (syn. Sypheotides indicus).

Double-crested Cormorant (floridanus)
Latin Name: Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus
floridana / floridanus
Florida, USA.
● ex “Corvus floridanus” of Bartram, 1791 (syn. Aphelocoma coerulescens).
● Florida I., Solomon Is. (subsp. Rhipidura cockerelli, syn. Symposiachrus barbatus, subsp. Zosterops metcalfi).

Double-crested Cormorant (albociliatus)
Latin Name: Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus
albociliaris / albociliatus
L. albus  white; cilia  eyelids  < cilium  eyelid.

Double-crested Cormorant (cincinatus)
Latin Name: Phalacrocorax auritus cincinatus
cincinatus / cincinnata
L. cincinnatus  with curled hair, with ringlets  < cincinnus  curled hair, lock of hair  < Gr. κικιννος kikinnos  ringlet.