Alauda Arvensis Bird

Alauda Arvensis Bird

Alauda Arvensis Bird

English Name:  Eurasian Skylark
Latin Name:  Alauda arvensis
Protonym:  Alauda arvensis Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.165
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Alaudidae / Alauda
Taxonomy Code:  skylar
Type Locality:  Europe = Sweden ex Fn. Svec, and restricted to Uppsala by Meinertzhagen, 1951, p. 128.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

ALAUDA
(Alaudidae; Ϯ Eurasian Skylark A. arvensis) L. alauda  lark; according to Pliny this was the Celtic name, meaning “great songstress,” for the Skylark < al  great; aud  song; "93. ALAUDA.  Rostrum cylindrico-subulatum, rectum, recta protensum: Mandibulis æqualibus, basi deorsum dehiscentibus.  Lingua bifida.  Unguis posticus rectior, digito longior." (Linnaeus 1758); "Alauda Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 165. Type, by subsequent designation, Alauda arvensis Linnaeus (Selby, 1825, Ill. Brit. Orn., 1 (Land Birds), p. xxix)." (Peters 1960, IX, p. 65). Linnaeus's Alauda comprised nine species (A. arvensis, A. pratensis, A. arborea, A. campestris, A. trivialis, A. cristata, A. Spinoletta, A. alpestris, A. magna).
Var. AudalaAuladaAlanda.
Synon. Corydalis, Razocorys.

alauda
L. alauda lark.
● ex “Tracal” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 191 (unident.; ?Melanocorypha yeltoniensis).

Calandra
Unattested L. calandra  Calandra Lark  < Gr. καλανδρος kalandros  Calandra Lark (Eddie Germiquet in litt.). "Calandre.  Il semble que la diction Calandre vienne aux Françoys de la Greque Coridalus. Plusieurs s'abusent, prenants la grande espece de Grive pour Calandre, qui est erreur commune à plusieurs pourvoyeurs de la court. Les anciens n'ont fait aucune mention de la Calandre que l'ayons peu sçavoir, aussi est-ce un oyseau qu'on ne voirroit en France, n'estoit qu'on l'eust apporté en cage. Sa voix est hautaine, & chante melodieusement. C'est une espece d'Alouëtte, tellement que pour avoir la perspective de la Calandre, il se faut imaginer voir une Alouëtte, quasi aussi grande qu'un Estourneau. Parquoy qui diroit que la Calandre est une grande Alouëtte, ne faudroit" (Belon 1555).
● (Emberizidae?syn. Emberiza) Doubtless based on "Calandra" of Aldrovandus 1599 (= Emberiza calandra) (see Bengalis).
● (Alaudidaesyn. Melanocorypha Ϯ Calandra Lark M. calandra) "D'autres ont le bec si gros qu'on pourrait, sous ce rapport, les rapprocher des moineaux. Telle est La Calandre. (Al. calandra.) Enl., 363, 2.  ... Mais surtout L'Alouette de Tartarie. (Al. Tatarica et mutabilis et tanagra Sibirica Gm.) Sparm., Mus. Carls., pl. xix" (Cuvier 1817); "Alauda, Sirli, Calandra" (Oken 1817); "29. An European Calander (Calandra Buffonii).  Presented by Dr Leach" (Brookes 1830); "CONIROSTRES. Les Alouettes. - Alouette, Alauda; Calandre, Calandra; Sirli, ---?" (Wood 1836).
Var. Alanda.
● (Alaudidaesyn. Melanocorypha Ϯ Mongolian Lark M. mongolica) "4. Alauda mongolica, Pall. Itin. App. p. 697. No. 19. = Alauda (Calandra) mongolica. This is a very distinct species belonging to the subgenus Calandra or Melanocorypha, Boié, together with Alauda tatarica, A. leucoptera, Pall. and A. bimaculata, Menetries (Catal. des objets de zoologie du Caucase)" (Brandt 1843).

arvensis
L. arvensis  of the field  < arvum, arvi  field  < arare  to plough.
● "93. ALAUDA.  ...  arvensis.  1. A. rectricibus extimis duabus extrorsum longitudinaliter albis: intermediis interiori latere ferrugineis. Fn. svec. 190. Alauda non cristata. Gesn. av. 78. Aldr. orn. l. 18. c. 12.  Alauda vulgaris. Will. orn. 149. t. 40. Raj. av. 69. n. 1. Alb. av. 1. p. 39. t. 41.  Alauda arvorum. Frisch. av. 3. t. 15. f. 1.  Alauda cœlipeta. Klein. av. 71.  Habitat in Europæ apricisVolata perpendiculari in aëre suspensa cantillat: Ecce suum tirile, tirile, suum tirile tractat; Autumno sole occidente in retia compellitur. Hyeme pinguescit in australioribus carne sapidissima. Calculosis noxia." (Linnaeus 1758) (Alauda).

SUBSPECIES

Eurasian Skylark (European)
Latin Name: Alauda arvensis [arvensis Group]
ALAUDA
(Alaudidae; Ϯ Eurasian Skylark A. arvensis) L. alauda  lark; according to Pliny this was the Celtic name, meaning “great songstress,” for the Skylark < al  great; aud  song; "93. ALAUDA.  Rostrum cylindrico-subulatum, rectum, recta protensum: Mandibulis æqualibus, basi deorsum dehiscentibus.  Lingua bifida.  Unguis posticus rectior, digito longior." (Linnaeus 1758); "Alauda Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 165. Type, by subsequent designation, Alauda arvensis Linnaeus (Selby, 1825, Ill. Brit. Orn., 1 (Land Birds), p. xxix)." (Peters 1960, IX, p. 65). Linnaeus's Alauda comprised nine species (A. arvensis, A. pratensis, A. arborea, A. campestris, A. trivialis, A. cristata, A. Spinoletta, A. alpestris, A. magna).
Var. AudalaAuladaAlanda.
Synon. Corydalis, Razocorys.

Eurasian Skylark (Asian)
Latin Name: Alauda arvensis [pekinensis Group]
ALAUDA
(Alaudidae; Ϯ Eurasian Skylark A. arvensis) L. alauda  lark; according to Pliny this was the Celtic name, meaning “great songstress,” for the Skylark < al  great; aud  song; "93. ALAUDA.  Rostrum cylindrico-subulatum, rectum, recta protensum: Mandibulis æqualibus, basi deorsum dehiscentibus.  Lingua bifida.  Unguis posticus rectior, digito longior." (Linnaeus 1758); "Alauda Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 165. Type, by subsequent designation, Alauda arvensis Linnaeus (Selby, 1825, Ill. Brit. Orn., 1 (Land Birds), p. xxix)." (Peters 1960, IX, p. 65). Linnaeus's Alauda comprised nine species (A. arvensis, A. pratensis, A. arborea, A. campestris, A. trivialis, A. cristata, A. Spinoletta, A. alpestris, A. magna).
Var. AudalaAuladaAlanda.
Synon. Corydalis, Razocorys.

Eurasian Skylark (Far Eastern)
Latin Name: Alauda arvensis japonica/intermedia
ALAUDA
(Alaudidae; Ϯ Eurasian Skylark A. arvensis) L. alauda  lark; according to Pliny this was the Celtic name, meaning “great songstress,” for the Skylark < al  great; aud  song; "93. ALAUDA.  Rostrum cylindrico-subulatum, rectum, recta protensum: Mandibulis æqualibus, basi deorsum dehiscentibus.  Lingua bifida.  Unguis posticus rectior, digito longior." (Linnaeus 1758); "Alauda Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 165. Type, by subsequent designation, Alauda arvensis Linnaeus (Selby, 1825, Ill. Brit. Orn., 1 (Land Birds), p. xxix)." (Peters 1960, IX, p. 65). Linnaeus's Alauda comprised nine species (A. arvensis, A. pratensis, A. arborea, A. campestris, A. trivialis, A. cristata, A. Spinoletta, A. alpestris, A. magna).
Var. AudalaAuladaAlanda.
Synon. Corydalis, Razocorys.