Pluvialis Apricaria Bird

English Name:  European Golden-Plover
Latin Name:  Pluvialis apricaria
Protonym:  Charadrius apricarius Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.150
Taxonomy:  Charadriiformes / Charadriidae / Pluvialis
Taxonomy Code:  eugplo
Type Locality:  'Oelandia, Canada'' restricted type locality, Lapland ex Fn. Suec, where based on a Rudbeck drawing. Cf. Lonnberg, Ibis, 1931, p. 306-307.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

PLUVIALIS
(Pluvialidae; Ϯ Eurasian Golden Plover P. apricaria) Specific name Charadrius pluvialis Linnaeus, 1758 (= syn. Pluvialis apricaria); "Pluvialis. Genus 69.  ...  Le genre du Pluvier.  Genus Pluvialis.  ...  **1. LE PLUVIER DORÉ.  ...  PLUVIALIS AUREA." (Brisson 1760): based on "Pluvialis" and "Pardalus" of many authors, and Charadrius Pluvialis Linnaeus, 1758; "Pluvialis Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 46; 5, p. 42. Type, by tautonymy, Pluvialis aurea Brisson = Charadrius pluvialis Linné = Charadrius apricarius Linné." (Peters 1934, II, 244).
Synon. Squatarola.

pluvialis
L. pluvialis  relating to rain  < pluvia  rain  < pluere  to rain.
● ex “Old Man” or “Rainbird” of Sloane 1725, “Cuculus Jamaicensis” of Brisson 1760, “Vieillard” or “Oiseau de pluie” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Rain Cuckow” of Latham 1782 (Hyetornis).
● “Linnaeus attended Rudbeck’s lectures about ornithology in 1728-29 and his lecture notes are extant. About Pluvialis minor nigroflavus (= Pluvialis apricaria) he wrote: “Regnpipare ty emot regn skockas de och pipa” (They are called regnpipare because they flock together and call before rain). The obsolete Swedish name “Regnpipare” means literally “rain-caller” ” (Tommy Tyrberg in litt.); "79. CHARADRIUS.  ...  Pluvialis.  8. C. pedibus cinereis, corpore nigro viridique maculato, subtus albido. Fn. svec. 157.  Pluvialis viridis. Will. orn. 229. t. 57. Raj. av. 111. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 113. t. 269. f. 1. Alb. av. I. p. 71. t. 75.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (syn. Pluvialis apricaria).

apricaria / apricarius
L. apricari  to bask in the sun  < apricus  sunny  < aperire  to expose to view; "79. CHARADRIUS.  ...  apricarius.  7. C. pectore nigro, rostro basi gibbo, pedibus cinereis.  Charadrius nigro-lutescente variegatus, pectore nigro. Fn. svec. 156. Iter. œl. 72.  Pluvialis viridis maculatus, ventre nigro. Edw. av. 140. t. 140.  Habitat in Oelandia, Canada." (Linnaeus 1758) (Pluvialis).

SUBSPECIES

European Golden-Plover (altifrons)
Latin Name: Pluvialis apricaria altifrons
altifrons
L. altus  high, great  < alere  to nourish; frons, frontis  forehead, brow.

European Golden-Plover (apricaria)
Latin Name: Pluvialis apricaria apricaria
apricaria / apricarius
L. apricari  to bask in the sun  < apricus  sunny  < aperire  to expose to view; "79. CHARADRIUS.  ...  apricarius.  7. C. pectore nigro, rostro basi gibbo, pedibus cinereis.  Charadrius nigro-lutescente variegatus, pectore nigro. Fn. svec. 156. Iter. œl. 72.  Pluvialis viridis maculatus, ventre nigro. Edw. av. 140. t. 140.  Habitat in Oelandia, Canada." (Linnaeus 1758) (Pluvialis).