Thamnophilus Amazonicus Bird

English Name:  Amazonian Antshrike
Latin Name:  Thamnophilus amazonicus
Protonym:  Thamnophilus amazonicus Proc.Zool.Soc.London Pt26 no.360 p.214 pl.139 fig.1,2
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Thamnophilidae / Thamnophilus
Taxonomy Code:  amaant2
Type Locality:  'upper Amazons'' [= Rio Javary],
Author:  Sclater, PL
Publish Year:  1858
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

THAMNOPHILUS
(Thamnophilidae; Ϯ Barred Antshrike T. doliatus) Gr. θαμνος thamnos  bush; φιλος philos  lover; "BATARA (DE AZARA), Thamnophilus.  Lanius, Turdus, Lin. Gm. Lath.  Bec droit à la base, robuste, convexe en dessus, comprimé latéralement; mandibule supérieure échancrée, ou dentée, et crochue vers le bout; l'inférieure entaillée, aiguë et retroussée à la pointe. — Bouche ciliée. Ailes courtes arrondies.  Esp. Pie-Grièche rayée. — Fourmillier huppé, Buff.   ...   Tamnophilus [ταμνος, frutex, φιλεω, gaudeo]." (Vieillot 1816); "Thamnophilus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 40. Type, by subsequent designation, Lanius doliatus Linné (Swainson, Zool. Journ., 1, 1824, p. 301)." (Peters 1951, VII, 162).
Var. Thamnoplius, Tamnophilus.   
Synon. Abalius, Erionotus, Rhopochares.

thamnophilus
Gr. θαμνος thamnos  bush; φιλος philos  loving  < φιλεω phileō  to love  < φιλος philos  lover.

amazonica / amazonicus / amazonina / amazoninum
Mod. L. Amazonicus or Amazoninus Amazonian, of Amazonia.
● ex “Ajuru Curuca” of Marcgrave 1648, and “Psittacus amazonicus” of Brisson 1760 (Amazona).

SUBSPECIES

Amazonian Antshrike (cinereiceps)
Latin Name: Thamnophilus amazonicus cinereiceps
cinereiceps
L. cinereus  ash-coloured  < cinis, cineris  ashes; -ceps  -headed  < caput, capitis  head.

Amazonian Antshrike (divaricatus)
Latin Name: Thamnophilus amazonicus divaricatus
divaricata / divaricatus
L. divaricatus  spread out  < divaricare  to spread out.
• "MUSCICAPA.  * Cauda divaricata, Edolii.   ...   543.  M. divaricata n.  Drongo à moustaches Le Vaill. Afr. t. 169.?   M. nigra, cauda leviter emarginata, longitudine corporis, rectricibus apice dilatatis divaricatis.  Long. tot. 9", caudae 4½".  Habitus robustior.  Senegamb." (Lichtenstein 1823) (subsp. Dicrurus adsimilis).
• "5. LANIUS DIVARICATUS.   BERIBBA BURONG LILIN.   About seven inches in length; tail as long as the body, and forked; upper-feathers blackish; lower ones white.  The bill is straight, hooked, and notched at the point.  The colour above is grey, becoming brown on the wings; below white.  A black stripe from the bill to the eyes.   Found at Singapore; but it is also known in Sumatra.  The above is the description of the female."(Raffles 1822) (Pericrocotus).

Amazonian Antshrike (amazonicus)
Latin Name: Thamnophilus amazonicus amazonicus
amazonica / amazonicus / amazonina / amazoninum
Mod. L. Amazonicus or Amazoninus Amazonian, of Amazonia.
● ex “Ajuru Curuca” of Marcgrave 1648, and “Psittacus amazonicus” of Brisson 1760 (Amazona).

Amazonian Antshrike (obscurus)
Latin Name: Thamnophilus amazonicus obscurus
obscurum / obscurus
L. obscurus  dark, dusky.
● ex “Hook-billed Green Creeper” of Latham 1782 (Akialoa).
● ex “Dusky-crowned Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (syn. Clytolaema rubricauda).
● ex “Dusky Tody” of Latham 1782, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Contopus virens).
● ex “Pic verd de l’isle de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776 (syn. Dendropicos griseocephalus).
● ex “Dusky Falcon” of Pennant 1787 (syn. Falco columbarius).
● ex “Dusky Grosbeak” (= ☼) of Pennant, 1784 (syn. Hedymeles ludovicianus).
● ex “Obscure Fly-catcher” of Latham 1823 (syn. Hemipus hirundinaceus).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  obscurus.  3. P. macrourus niger, genis nudis, vertice cinereo-nigrescente vario, cauda cinerea. Hasselq. iter. 236.  Habitat in Africa?" (Linnaeus 1758) (unident.: ?‡syn. Mascarinus mascarin).
● ex “White-rumped Woodpecker” of Latham 1782 (syn. Melanerpes erythrocephalus).
● ex “Tolocatzenatl” of Ray 1713, “Sturnus novae Hispaniae” of Brisson 1760, “Tolcana” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brown-headed Stare” of Latham 1783 (subsp. Molothrus ater).
● ex “Dusky Rail” of Latham 1785 (syn. Pennula sandwichensis).
● ex “Dusky Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (Phaeornis).
● ex “Black and White Dobchick” of Edwards 1747, “Colymbus minor” of Brisson 1760, “Petit Grèbe” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 942, and “Dusky Grebe” of Pennant 1785, and of Latham 1785 (syn. Podiceps auritus cornutus).
● ex “Dusky Plover” of Latham 1781 (cf. Dusky Bay, New Zealand) (Pluviorhynchus).
● ex “Dusky Petrel” of Latham 1785 (syn. Puffinus assimilis).
● ex “Indian Raven” of Willughby 1676, and “Wreathed Hornbill” of Latham 1781 (syn. Rhyticeros plicatus).
● ex “Dark Thrush” of Latham 1783 (Turdus).
● "This specimen, like many from the Anthony collection, is badly soiled, a condition which may have led Anthony to name a dark race" (Browning 1979) (syn. Vireo huttoni).
● "44. PSITTACUS.   ...   obscurus.  3. P. macrourus niger, genis nudis, vertice cinereo-nigrescente vario, cauda cinerea. Hasselq. iter. 236.  Habitat in Africa ?" (Linnaeus 1758); "Linnæus identified his Psittacus obscurus with P. mascarinus, Briss.  ...  but the evidence is against this identification" (Salvadori 1891) (unident.; nom. dub.). 

Amazonian Antshrike (paraensis)
Latin Name: Thamnophilus amazonicus paraensis
paraensis
Pará State, eastern Brazil.