Psittacula Alexandri Bird

English Name:  Red-breasted Parakeet
Latin Name:  Psittacula alexandri
Protonym:  Psittacus alexandri Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.97
Taxonomy:  Psittaciformes / Psittaculidae / Psittacula
Taxonomy Code:  rebpar4
Type Locality:  'China, Benghala, Aethiopia'' = Java.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Near Threatened

DEFINITIONS

PSITTACULA
(Psittacidae; Ϯ Red-breasted Parakeet P. alexandri) Mod. L. psittacula  little parrot, parakeet  < dim. L. psittacus  parrot  < Gr. ψιττακος psittakos  parrot; "Perruches ...... Psittacula." (Cuvier 1800); "As an item of importance to extra-limital workers, I might notice that Opinion No. 39 legitimatises Cuvier's Psittacula, and this is quite different to the genus now so called and is antecedent to Palæornis. Thus Psittacula Cuvier was provided for Les Perruches, and as examples in the Leçons are cited P. alexandri and P. rufirostris. These, as understood by Cuvier, were congeneric and are typical Palæornis of Vigors. I have already indicated that Conurus Kuhl was typified by Lesson by Palæornis and should displace it. At the present time Psittacula Cuvier will replace Conurus, while Palæornis must altogether disappear.  Apparently for the South American Parrots now termed Psittacula, Boie's genus name Forpus will come into use" (Mathews 1917).
Var. Petacula.
Synon. Alexandrinus, Belocercus, Belurus, Himalayapsitta, Nicopsitta, Palaeornis, Sagittifer.
● (syn. Agapornis Ϯ Grey-headed Lovebird A. canus) "2. Perruche a teste Grise, BUFF. XI. p. 240.  Psittacula Madagascariensis, BRISS. Ornith. IV. p. 394. pl. XXX. 2.  LINN. Gen. o.  grey headed Parrakeet. LATH. birds I. p. 315. n. 122" (Boddaert 1783).
● (syn. Brotogeris Ϯ Plain Parakeet B. tirica) "LA PETITE PERRUCHE DU BRÉSIL.  ...  PSITTACULA BRASILIENSIS" (Brisson 1760); based on "Tui tirica" of de Laët 1633, Marcgrave 1648, Willughby 1676 and Ray 1713.
● (syn. Cyclorrhynchus Ϯ Parakeet Auklet C. psittacula) Specific name Alca psittacula Pallas, 1769; "Tablica L.  ...  {poteżnie ściśniony  {z gòry i z dołu wypukły, w pół háczykowaty.  3. Staryk.  Psittacula.   ...   RODZÀY III. (193.)   STARYK.  .PSITTACULA.   Parkittaucher, Niem.   ...   Dobrze rozróżnionych náleży do tego rodzaiu trzy gatunki (Alca Psittacula, Alca cristalla i Alca tetracula. GL.)" (Jarocki 1821) (Laurent Raty in litt.).
● (syn. Forpus Ϯ Green-rumped Parrotlet F. passerinus) "PSITTACULA.  Psittacula*,  Cuv., fide Ill. Prodr. Mamm. et Av. p. 200 (1811); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 8 (1820). . . .Type P. passerina.  ...  *Psittacula is often attributed to Brisson, who, however, did not use it generically" (Salvadori 1891).

psittacula
Mod. L. psittacula  little parrot, parakeet  < dim. L. psittacus  parrot  < Gr. ψιττακος psittakos  parrot (cf. < dim. genus Psittacus Linnaeus, 1758, parrot).

alexandri / alexandrii
● Capt. Boyd Francis Alexander (1873-1910) British Army, ornithologist, collector, explorer (Apus, syn. Chamaetylas poliocephala, subsp. Falco tinnunculus, syn. Ploceus baglafecht eremobius, syn. Tricholaema frontata).
● Alexandre Antoine Dybowski (1850-1914) brother of French botanist and collector Jean Thadée Emmanuel Dybowski (syn. Andropadus curvirostris).
● Dr Alexandre (fl. 1840) who practised in Mexico and sent specimens to Paris; the “Alexandre” of Bourcier & Mulsant 1846 (Archilochus).
● Alexandra (= Alexandria), Northern Territory, Australia (syn. Ardea pacifica).
● A. H. Alexander (fl. 1878) US taxidermist, plumassier (syn. Heliodoxa xanthogonys).
● Dr Frank Alexander Wetmore (1886-1978) US ornithologist, systematist, collector (subsp. Henicorhina leucosticta, Milvago).
● "I name this bird after Dr Alexander Smith, to whom the Museum has often been indebted for additions to its collection" (Sharpe 1874) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz) (syn. Parmoptila woodhousei ☼).
● Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) King of Macedonia, whose conquering armies introduced eastern parakeets to Greece; "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  alexandri.  9. P. macrourus viridis, collari pectoreque rubro, gula nigra. Amœn. acad. 4. p.  Psittacus cubicularius, cauda cuneiformi, digito interiore postice truncato. Hasselq. itin. 235.  Psittacus javanicus. Osb. iter. 101.  Psittacus torquatus macrourus antiquorum. Will. orn. 77. t. 16. f. 3.  Psittacus viridis ex ind. orientali. Alb. av. 2. t. 18. & 3. t. 14.  Psittacus torquatus macrourus antiquorum. Aldr. av. l. 11. c. 12. Raj. av. 33.  Perrocello. Olin. av. 24. t. 24.  Habitat in China, Benghala, Æthiopia.  Primus (totus viridis torque miniato) innotuit sub expeditione Alexandri magni. Plin." (Linnaeus 1758). This name is the first eponym in avian nomenclature (Psittacula).

SUBSPECIES

Red-breasted Parakeet (fasciata)
Latin Name: Psittacula alexandri fasciata
fasciata
Late L. fasciatus  banded  < L. fascia  band, stripe.
● ex “Fasciated Grosbeak” of Brown 1776, and Latham 1783 (Amadina).
● ex “Hirondelle à bande blanche sur le ventre de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 724, fig. 2, “Hirondelle à ceinture blanche” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “White-bellied Swallow” of Latham 1783 (Atticora).
● ex “Fasciated Finch” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Melospiza melodia).
● ex “Ynambúi” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 327 (syn. Nothura maculosa).
● ex “Bracelet Parrakeet from East India” of Albin 1731 (subsp. Psittacula alexandri).

Red-breasted Parakeet (abbotti)
Latin Name: Psittacula alexandri abbotti
abbotti
● Dr William Louis Abbott (1860-1936) US surgeon, explorer, ethnologist, naturalist who collected widely around the world 1883-1923 (syn. Brachypodius atriceps baweanus, syn. Butorides striata javanica, subsp. Cacatua sulphurea, ‡subsp. Calyptophilus frugivorus, Celebesica, syn. Chlorophoneus multicolor, subsp. Cinnyris souimanga, syn. Coccyzus minor, subsp. Cyanecula svecica, ‡subsp. Dryolimnas cuvieri, syn. Hirundo tahitica javanica, subsp. Hypothymis azurea, syn. Kittacincla malabarica tricolor, syn. Lybius leucocephalus albicauda, subsp. Megapodius nicobariensis, subsp. Nesoctites micromegas, subsp. Nyctibius jamaicensis, Papasula, syn. Phodilus badius, subsp. Pitta sordida, subsp. Psittacula alexandri, Psittinus, subsp. Spilornis cheela, syn. Streptopelia picturata rostrata, subsp. Threskiornis bernieri, syn. Treron vernans).
● Lt.-Col. John Richard Abbott (1811-1888) British Army, Assistant-Commissioner of the Arakan, Burma 1837-1845 (Malacocincla).
● Dr Charles Greeley Abbott (1872-1973) US astrophysicist, solar researcher, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1928-1944, Secretary Emeritus 1944-1973 (syn. Tychaedon coryphoeus). 

Red-breasted Parakeet (cala)
Latin Name: Psittacula alexandri cala
cala
Gr. καλος kalos beautiful (cf. L. cala piece of wood < Gr. καλον kalon wood).

Red-breasted Parakeet (major)
Latin Name: Psittacula alexandri major
major
L. maior, maioris  greater, larger  < comp. magnus  great, large, powerful.
● ex “Poule d’eau de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 352; “Even if [Statius Müller, 1776] ...should some day be repudiated by ornithologists on account of his carelessness and his apparent colour-blindness, then the proper name of the species would be Aramides major (Boddaert), founded on Daubenton’s plate” (Sharpe 1894) (syn. Aramides cajanea).
● ex “Grand Corbeau” of Levaillant 1800, pl. 51 (unident.;?Corvus sp.).
● ex “Crotophagus major” of Brisson 1760, “Grand bout de Petun” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 102, fig. 1, “Ani des palétuviers” of Salerne 1767, and “Greater Ani” of Latham 1781 (Crotophaga).
● 54. PICUS.  ...  major.  10. P. albo nigroque varius, ano occipiteque rubro.  Picus albo nigroque varius, rectricibus tribus lateralibus utrinque albescentibus. Fn. svec. 81.  Picus varius major. Ges. av. 708. Aldr. ornith. l. 12. c. 32. Will. orn. 94. t. 21. Raj. av. 43. Alb. av. I. p. 19. t. 19. Frisch. av. . . t. 36. f. 1.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Dendrocopos).
● ex “Grande Egrette d’Amérique” of d’Aubenton, 1765-1781, pl. 925 (syn. Egretta garzetta).
● ex “Scolopax media” of Frisch 1733-1763, “Great Snipe” of Pennant 1768, and Latham 1785 (syn. Gallinago media).
● ex “Grand Indicateur, mâle” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 241, fig. 1 (syn. Indicator indicator).
● ex “Pie-grièche Blanchot” of Levaillant 1810, pl. 285 (syn. Malaconotus blanchoti).
● ex “An other sort of Loggerhead” of Sloane 1707-1725, “Sitta” or “Picus cinereus major, rostro curvo” of Ray 1713, “Grand Sittelle à bec crochu” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Great Nuthatch” of Latham 1781 (?syn. Myiarchus validus).
● ex “Parus major” of Gessner 1555, Belon 1555, Aldrovandus 1599, and Willughby 1676, “Fringillago”, “Great Titmouse” or “Ox Eye” of Ray 1713, and Albin 1731, and “Parus capite nigro, temporibus albis, nucha luteis” of Linnaeus 1746 (Parus).
● ex “Grèbe de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 404, fig. 1, and “Grand Grèbe” of de Buffon 1770-1785 (Podiceps).
● ex “Barbican des côtes de Barbarie” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 602 (syn. Pogonornis dubius).
● ex “Grande Quiscale” of Vieillot 1819 (Quiscalus).
● ex “Tangara des grands bois de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 205 (syn. Saltator maximus).
● ex “Batara mayor” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 211 (Taraba).
● ex “Macucagua” of Marcgrave 1648, Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Perdix brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, and “Magoua” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Tinamus).
● ex “Trepadore grande” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 241 (Xiphocolaptes).

Red-breasted Parakeet (alexandri)
Latin Name: Psittacula alexandri alexandri
alexandri / alexandrii
● Capt. Boyd Francis Alexander (1873-1910) British Army, ornithologist, collector, explorer (Apus, syn. Chamaetylas poliocephala, subsp. Falco tinnunculus, syn. Ploceus baglafecht eremobius, syn. Tricholaema frontata).
● Alexandre Antoine Dybowski (1850-1914) brother of French botanist and collector Jean Thadée Emmanuel Dybowski (syn. Andropadus curvirostris).
● Dr Alexandre (fl. 1840) who practised in Mexico and sent specimens to Paris; the “Alexandre” of Bourcier & Mulsant 1846 (Archilochus).
● Alexandra (= Alexandria), Northern Territory, Australia (syn. Ardea pacifica).
● A. H. Alexander (fl. 1878) US taxidermist, plumassier (syn. Heliodoxa xanthogonys).
● Dr Frank Alexander Wetmore (1886-1978) US ornithologist, systematist, collector (subsp. Henicorhina leucosticta, Milvago).
● "I name this bird after Dr Alexander Smith, to whom the Museum has often been indebted for additions to its collection" (Sharpe 1874) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz) (syn. Parmoptila woodhousei ☼).
● Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) King of Macedonia, whose conquering armies introduced eastern parakeets to Greece; "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  alexandri.  9. P. macrourus viridis, collari pectoreque rubro, gula nigra. Amœn. acad. 4. p.  Psittacus cubicularius, cauda cuneiformi, digito interiore postice truncato. Hasselq. itin. 235.  Psittacus javanicus. Osb. iter. 101.  Psittacus torquatus macrourus antiquorum. Will. orn. 77. t. 16. f. 3.  Psittacus viridis ex ind. orientali. Alb. av. 2. t. 18. & 3. t. 14.  Psittacus torquatus macrourus antiquorum. Aldr. av. l. 11. c. 12. Raj. av. 33.  Perrocello. Olin. av. 24. t. 24.  Habitat in China, Benghala, Æthiopia.  Primus (totus viridis torque miniato) innotuit sub expeditione Alexandri magni. Plin." (Linnaeus 1758). This name is the first eponym in avian nomenclature (Psittacula).

Red-breasted Parakeet (kangeanensis)
Latin Name: Psittacula alexandri kangeanensis
kangeana / kangeanensis / kangeangensis / kangkeangensis / kangeanus
Kangean I., Java Sea, Dutch East Indies / Indonesia.

Red-breasted Parakeet (dammermani)
Latin Name: Psittacula alexandri dammermani
dammermani
Dr Karel Willem Dammerman (1885-1951) Dutch zoologist, botanist, collector in Java 1910-1939 (subsp. Aerodramus fuciphagus, Myzomela, syn. Pericrocotus miniatus, subsp. Psittacula alexandri, subsp. Ptiloprora erythropleura).