Smutsornis Africanus Bird

English Name:  Double-banded Courser
Latin Name:  Smutsornis africanus
Protonym:  Cursorius africanus Cat.Syst.Cab.Orn.Quad. p.175,263
Taxonomy:  Charadriiformes / Glareolidae / Smutsornis
Taxonomy Code:  dobcou2
Type Locality:  Namaqualand.
Author:  Temminck
Publish Year:  1807
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

SMUTSORNIS
(Glareolidae; Ϯ Double-banded Courser S. africanus) Field-Marshall Jan Christiaan Smuts (1870-1950) South African statesman, writer, philosopher, Prime Minister 1919-1924, 1939-1948; Gr. ορνις ornis, ορνιθος ornithos  bird; "Smutsornis gen. nov., genotype Cursorius africanus Temminck, has the bill very weak, nostrils still more elongate, size smallest of the three and also without metallic tips to the primaries." (A. Roberts 1922).
Var. Smitsornis.

africanus
L. Africanus  African.
● ex “African Jacana” of Latham 1785 (Actophilornis).
● Erroneous TL. Africa (= ?Sumatra); ex “Rhinoceros avis secunda varietas” of Willughby 1676, “Trompette de Brac” or “Oiseau trompette” of Labat 1728, “Hydrocorax africanus” of Brisson 1760, “Brac” or “Calao d’Afrique” of de Buffon 1770-1786, and “African Hornbill” of Latham 1781 (unident; ?syn. Buceros rhinoceros).
● ex “Pique-Boeuf” of Brisson 1760 (Buphagus).
● Erroneous TL. Country of the Auteniquoi, South Africa (= ?Europe); ex “Buse Gantée” of Levaillant 1797, pl. 18 (syn. Buteo lagopus).
● ex “Engoulevent à Collier” of Levaillant 1799, and “Bombay Goatsucker” of Latham 1802 (syn. Caprimulgus pectoralis).
● ex “African Pheasant” of Latham 1787 (syn. Crinifer piscator).
● ex “African Shag” of Latham 1785 (Microcarbo),.
● ex “Loriot Coudougnan” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 261 (syn. Oriolus larvatus) (see coudougan).
● ex “Coure-vite à double collier d’Afrique” of Temminck 1807 (Smutsornis).
● Erroneous TL. Great Namaqualand (= ?); ex “Faucon à Culotte Noire” of Levaillant 1798, pl. 29 (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

Double-banded Courser (raffertyi)
Latin Name: Smutsornis africanus raffertyi
raffertyi
Dr Donald George Rafferty (1882-1930) US zoologist, explorer, collector in Ethiopia (subsp. Smutsornis africanus).

Double-banded Courser (hartingi)
Latin Name: Smutsornis africanus hartingi
hartingi
James Edmund Fotheringham Harting (1841-1928) English solicitor, naturalist, falconer, contributor, editor of “The Field” 1869-1920, editor of “The Zoologist” 1877-1896 (syn. Charadrius placidus, subsp. Smutsornis africanus).

Double-banded Courser (gracilis)
Latin Name: Smutsornis africanus gracilis
gracilis
L. gracilis or gracilus  slender, elegant, slim, thin.
● “has many characters in common with the Ptilotis chrysotis ... and the Ptilotis similis ... but it differs from both in the greater slenderness of its form, in its diminutive size, and, especially from the former, in the uniform colouring of its throat and abdomen” (Gould 1866) (Microptilotis).
● ex “Gracile Goatsucker” of Latham 1801 (syn. Podargus strigoides).

Double-banded Courser (bisignatus)
Latin Name: Smutsornis africanus bisignatus
bisignatus
Mod. L. bisignatus  having two marks, double-marked  < L. bi-  two-, double-  < bis  twice; signatus  distinct, well-marked  < signare  to inscribe  < signum  mark.

Double-banded Courser (traylori)
Latin Name: Smutsornis africanus traylori
traylori
Maj. Melvin Alvah Traylor, Jr. (1915-2008) US Army, ornithologist (syn. Anthreptes seimundi minor, subsp. Anthus caffer, subsp. Cisticola aridulus, Crypturellus, subsp. Smutsornis africanus, Tolmomyias).

Double-banded Courser (sharpei)
Latin Name: Smutsornis africanus sharpei
sharpei
Dr Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1847-1909) British ornithologist at BMNH 1872-1909, founder member of BOC 1892 (subsp. Accipiter albogularis, subsp. Aegithalos bonvaloti, subsp. Anthoscopus sylviella, subsp. Camaroptera brachyura, subsp. Caprimulgus tristigma, syn. Ceyx erithaca, syn. Chrysococcyx cupreus, subsp. Coereba flaveola, subsp. Columba delegorguei, syn. Coracias naevius, subsp. Dactylortyx thoracicus, subsp. Dicrurus ludwigii, syn. Edolisoma incertum, syn. Eremomela icteropygialis saturatior, Euchrepomis, subsp. Eulabeornis castaneoventris, syn. Euschistospiza dybowskii, syn. Hypotaenidia philippensis, Lalage, syn. Laterallus spilonotus, syn. Lophura nycthemera lineata, Macronyx, subsp. Melanospiza bicolor, subsp. Meliphaga aruensis, syn. Merops pusillus cyanostictus, Monticola, syn. Muscicapa boehmi, syn. Myzomela melanocephala, subsp. Pachycephala pectoralis, syn. Phoeniculus bollei, syn. Phyllastrephus strepitans, syn. Picumnus albosquamatus guttifer, Picus, syn. Pogoniulus chrysoconus, syn. Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana, syn. Rhipidura albiscapa, Sheppardia, subsp. Sicalis uropigyalis, Smithornis, syn. Smutsornis africanus, subsp. Sporophila morelleti, syn. Tauraco schuettii emini, subsp. Telacanthura ussheri, subsp. Treron calvus, subsp. Trochalopteron milnei, Turdoides, syn. Zosterops atrifrons) (see sharpii).

Double-banded Courser (africanus)
Latin Name: Smutsornis africanus africanus
africanus
L. Africanus  African.
● ex “African Jacana” of Latham 1785 (Actophilornis).
● Erroneous TL. Africa (= ?Sumatra); ex “Rhinoceros avis secunda varietas” of Willughby 1676, “Trompette de Brac” or “Oiseau trompette” of Labat 1728, “Hydrocorax africanus” of Brisson 1760, “Brac” or “Calao d’Afrique” of de Buffon 1770-1786, and “African Hornbill” of Latham 1781 (unident; ?syn. Buceros rhinoceros).
● ex “Pique-Boeuf” of Brisson 1760 (Buphagus).
● Erroneous TL. Country of the Auteniquoi, South Africa (= ?Europe); ex “Buse Gantée” of Levaillant 1797, pl. 18 (syn. Buteo lagopus).
● ex “Engoulevent à Collier” of Levaillant 1799, and “Bombay Goatsucker” of Latham 1802 (syn. Caprimulgus pectoralis).
● ex “African Pheasant” of Latham 1787 (syn. Crinifer piscator).
● ex “African Shag” of Latham 1785 (Microcarbo),.
● ex “Loriot Coudougnan” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 261 (syn. Oriolus larvatus) (see coudougan).
● ex “Coure-vite à double collier d’Afrique” of Temminck 1807 (Smutsornis).
● Erroneous TL. Great Namaqualand (= ?); ex “Faucon à Culotte Noire” of Levaillant 1798, pl. 29 (unident.).

Double-banded Courser (granti)
Latin Name: Smutsornis africanus granti
granti
● William Robert Ogilvie-Grant (1863-1924) English ornithologist at BMNH 1882-1918 (subsp. Acanthisitta chloris, subsp. Accipiter nisus, subsp. Aerodramus vanikorensis, syn. Alopecoenas beccarii solomonensis, subsp. Camaroptera chloronota, Horizocerus, syn. Lophura nycthemera, syn. Melaenornis pallida parvus, subsp. Microptilotis mimikae, subsp. Napothera epilepidota, syn. Neocossyphus poensis praepectoralis, Ninox, syn. Oriolus szalayi, syn. Pellorneum ruficeps olivaceum, Penelope, subsp. Ptiloprora plumbea, Ptilopsis, subsp. Rhipidura rufifrons (ex Rhipidura harterti Ogilvie-Grant), subsp. Sericornis spilodera, subsp. Sturnus vulgaris, Sula).
● Capt. Claude Henry Baxter Grant (1878-1958) British ornithologist at BMNH 1898-1903, 1932-1958, in East Africa 1916-1932 (subsp. Bradypterus lopezi, subsp. Crithagra mozambica, subsp. Cyanomitra olivacea, syn. Malimbus malimbicus, subsp. Phoeniculus damarensis, syn. Pyrenestes ostrinus minor, subsp. Sheppardia poensis, subsp. Smutsornis africanus, subsp. Terpsiphone viridis, subsp. Treron delalandii).
● Lt.-Col. James Augustus Grant (1827-1892) British Army, explorer with Speke in East Africa 1860-1863 (syn. Guttera pucherani).
● Robert Grant (1854-1923) Scottish miner and immigrant to Australia 1879, taxidermist at Australian Mus. 1887-1917, collector, explorer (subsp. Paradisaea raggiana).